CHAPTER XIX

 

PLACES OF INTEREST

 

            Nawashahr District was created as a new District in 1995. Area- wise the district stands  sixteenth among the seventeen districts of Punjab. The district lies between 310 05` and 31015` north latitude and 75o 45` and 760 30` east longitude. The district has been carved out  by taking Nawashahr Tahsil  from Jalandhar District and Balachaur Tahsil from Hoshiarpur district.The district forms its boundaries with Jalandhar on its west, Ludhiana on south, Rupnagar on its east and south, Hoshiarpur on its north and Kapurthala on its north-west . The Satluj River is separating the district from Ludhiana and Rupnagar districts by maintaining the natural boundaries. It forms its southern boundary.  The population of the district as per 2001 Census was 5,87,468 (3,06,902 males and 2,80,566 females). Tahsil-wise description of various places of interest in the district having historical and religious significance has been given hereunder:

 

Balachaur

 

            Balachaur is the headquarters of the sub-montane Subdivision of the same name of Nawashahr District. Balachaur is said to have been originally held by Mahton Rajputs. The town have a historic temple, known as Biran wala Temple, which dates back more than 400 years. There is a smadh named after Baba Balraj, a local saint, and it is held in great esteem by the people of the area. A school was started in the memory of Baba Balram in 1922, which was raised to the status of senior secondary school. A fair is held here annually on the following day of Diwali when wrestling bouts are arranged. Besides, a large number of people visit the smadh every Thursday to pay their homage. Balachaur is connected by road with Hoshiarpur, Nawashahr, Nurpur Bedi and Rupnagar. According to 2001 Census, the population of the town was 18,156. Another important place located near Balachaur is Chushman. A brief description of which is given below.

 

Chushman.- Chushman is located on the Balachaur-Garhshankar road. The place is famous after the name of a Muslim Pir Lakhdata (Sakhi Sarvar). According to one version the place came into existence when the water started flowing out of the ground as it was dug by the paur (foot) of the horse on which Pir was riding.

            Other places of religious importance which fall in the Balachaur  tahsil are; Gurdwara Tahli Sahib, Sudha Majra, Gurdwara Baba Gurditta Chandpur Rurki, Mandir Sidh Baba Jambu, etc.

Banga

 

         Banga is said to have been founded by Gola, alias Banga, a Maan Jat of Paniani  in Garhshankar Tahsil (District Hoshiarpur) in AD 1663 and  named after him. Banga was held by the Chaudhris of Phagwara (District Kapurthala) under Muhammadan rule, who, when the Sikhs rose to power, were able to resist at the time of attacks of Dharam Singh of Amritsar, who had seized the country to the north-west of Banga. Ultimately they succumbed, and Dharam Singh’s family remained in possession till despoiled by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1806.

            Banga is sub-tahsil of Nawashahr Tahsil of the district. It is situated on the Jalandhar City-Jaijon Doaba line of the Northern Railway. Banga is 12 km from district/tahsil headquarters Nawashahr. It is also linked by road with Nawashahr on the one side and Phagwara (District Kapurthala) on the G.T. Road on the other side. As per 2001 Census, the population of the Banga town was 18,809. It is a Class-II municipality. Banga  town is having two higher educational institutions.

            Important historical and religious places located in the Banga  town are given below:

 

Gurdwara Charan Kanwal, Patshahi Chhevin, Banga.- This is a historical gurudwara which is associated with the visit of Guru Hargobind Sahib on his way from Kartarpur to Kiratpur Sahib. Guru stayed here for forty days and blessed Zamindar Jeeva with milk. This is the place where Guru’s sick horse ‘Suhela’ was cured. The building of the Gurdwara contains a big sarovar where devotees take bath any special thing. Big fair is held in the Gurdwara to commemorate the visit of the Guru on 21 (Haar).

 

Gurdwara Guruplah, Village Sotran.- The Gurdwara is also associated with the visit of Guru Hargobind Sahib who visited this place before reaching at Banga. Guru stayed here for few days. The well still exists in the promises of the Gurdwara whose water was used by the Guru for drinking. A big fair is held at Gurdwara Gurplah to commemorate the memory of Guru Hargobind Sahib on 20 Haar (June-July).

 

Gurudwara Patshahi Chhevin, Village Durgapur.- During his forty days stay at Banga, Guru Hargobind Sahib also visited this place. A big fair is held at this place in the memory of Guru Hargobind Sahib’s visit on 22 Haar (June-July);

            On his way to Kiratpur Sahib Guru Hargobind Sahib visited few villages in this area where Gurdwara Panj Tahli sahib, Chak Guru, Gurdwara Mallan Sodhian, Chakguru; Gurdwara Panj Tirath Patshahi Chhevin. Laroa; Gurdwara Gohindpur Patshahi Chhevin and Gurdwara Tahli Sahib Sudha Majara are located.

            The Seventh Guru of the Sikhs Guru Har Rai also visited few places in this area where Gurdwara Salwana Sahib,  Salwana, Gurdwara Har Rai ji, Dosanjh Khurd and Gurdwara Nanaksar, Hakimpur are located

            Besides these Gurdwaras some important Gurdwaras located in and around Banga are : Gurdwara Shaheed, Urapar; Gurdwara Shahid Bunga, Baba Godrian Singh Ji, Talwandi Jattan,etc.

 

Khatkar Kalan

 

            Khatkar Kalan is located on the Nawashahr-Banga road and is situated at  a distance of approximately 5  km from Banga and about 8 km from Nawashahr. As per 2001 Census the population of the village was 1,709. It is an ancesteral village of Shaheed Bhagat Singh who laid down his life in India’s Freedom Struggle. Bhagat Singh belonged to the family of revolutionaries. The news of the release of his uncle Sardar Ajit Singh from Mandlay Jail and his father Kishan Singh from Lahore Jail coincided with Bhagat Singh’s birth. His grandmother used to call him ‘Bhaganwala’.

            To commemorate the memory of Shaheed Bhagat Singh and his compatriots who had raised the banner of revolt against British Raj to wrest  Independence for the motherland, a museum has been constructed  at Khatkar Kalan. Mementoes and relevant material relating to the great martyrs and revolutionaries have been preserved in the museum as a token of homage to the brave sons of Punjab. To pay homage to the great martyr his ancestral house is preserved by the Government.

 

Nawashahr

 

            Headquarters of the district/subdivision of the same name. Naswashahr is situated 37 km South-East of G.T. Road. It falls on the Jalandhar City-Jaijon Doaba line of Northern Railway. It is directly connected by road with Chandigarh (98 km), Rupnagar (48 km), Rahon (8 km), Phillaur (45 km) and Phagwara (37 km). As per 2001 Census the population of the town was 29,955. It is class-II municipal council. Nawashahr derives its name from the headquarters town Nawashahr. The  name of the town i.e. Nawashahr is the combination of two vernacular words, Nawa (means new) and shehar (means town). It is said to avoid the ravages of Satluj River, the people shifted from the old historic town Rahon and settled at this new place giving it the name Nawashahr (new town). According to another version the town was founded on the bank of a lake by an Afghan Faujdar (army commander) Nau-Sher-Khan, during the regime of,  Ala-u-din-khilji (1295-1316 AD). At that time it was known as ‘Nausher’ and Nawashahr is believed to be the corruption of the word Nausher. According to one legend, the location of the town being low-lying area (side of the lake) was known as Nevashehar (neva means low lying area shehar means town). With the passage of time it becomes Nawashahr from Nevashehar.The town contains a baradari which was built by Muhammad Sadiq, originally Umat Khatri of Pasrur in the  Sialkot ( Pakistan) district, who settled here and got into a quarrel with local Bhuchar Khatris. His original name was Bhikhari Mal. The quarrel resulted in the death of two Bhuchar Khatris. He was, therefore, summoned to Delhi where he thought it convenient to convert to Islam. Consequently he was granted a Jagir and continued its quarrel with Bhuchars who sought help from Rajputs of Saroya in Garhshankar tahsil of Hoshiarpur District. In a fight that ensued Muhammad Sadiq was killed and is buried here. His grave still exists here. Later Tara Singh Gheba occupied this place and built a fort which no longer exists. The local gaur brahamins were of much importance during the latter Sikh times because of their connection with Raja Tej Singh.

             The city has two degree colleges, one training college and one Industrial Training Institute. Cooperative Sugar Mill and MARKFED Modern Rice Mills Ltd. Nawashahr serves the needs of the area.

            A brief description of important religious and historical places  located in the city is given below:

 

Gurdwara Tahli Sahib, Nawashahr.- There is an old gurdwara built in the memory of Baba Shri Chand the elderst son of Shri Guru Nanak Dev Ji, who stayed here for 40 days on the Nawashahr-Garhshankar road. There is an old tree of Shisham which was planted by Baba Shri Chand whose birthday is celebrated every year on 6th Asuj. (September-October)

 

Gurdwara Manji Sahib, Nawashahr.- The place was visited by Guru Teg Bahadur Ji on his way from Baba Bakala to Kiratpur Sahib, alongwith Mata Gujri Ji. The Gurdwara is built to commeorate the visit of the ninth Guru of Sikhs.

 

Shiwala Banah Mal.- Shiwala Banah Mal was constructed by Diwan Banah Mal, alongwith  a dharamshala for the stay of the travellers. This is the only shiwala of its kind after Kapurthala. The entry gate of the Shiwala is so high that one can enter it while sitting on an elephant. Diwan Banah Mal used to visit this shiwala from Kapurthala while riding on an elephant. At present the building of the dharamshala is serving as a hostel for DAV School, Nawashahr.

 

Sanehi Mandir, Nawashahr.- The foundation stone of Sanehi Mandir Devi Dewalya ( Pracheen Gautma Mandir) was laid on December 1869. The statue of the Goddess (Mata Chintpurni) was brought from Rajasthan. A large number of people pay obeyance in the temple.

 

Rahon

 

             In olden days, Rahon was a flourishing town and had more population than Jalandhar. Rahon is connected to the Jalandhar-Jaijon Doaba railway line  by extending a connecting rail-line from Nawashahr. By road the distance of the town is 8 km from Nawashahr, 51 km from Ludhiana, 28 km from Rupnagar, 12 km from Jadla, and 37 km from Phillaur.

Rahon is said to have been founded about 2000 years ago by Raja Raghab, who called it Raghupur, by which name it continued to be called in correspondence by the Pandits of the place till early in the present century. After that it came into the possession of Gujars, who were driven out by the Mahtons, who in their turn succumbed to the Ghorewaha Rajputs, whose conquest of the country is put down as having occurred in the time of Muhammad Ghori (d. 1206 AD). Their leader, Rana Rajpal, renamed the town “Rahon”, after a  lady called “Raho”. In support of this derivation may be quoted the opinion entertained by some that, it is unlucky to speak of this town by its proper name, in the morning, when fasting. Till breakfast it is called “Zanana-shahr”, or “Women-town”. In the time of Ibrahim Lodi (1517-1526 AD), the town is reported to have a population of 1,45,000 and was a flourishing trading centre on the route to Tibet and Central Asian Countries. The art of shoe-making attained a high degree of skill and a pair prepared by one Mian Khaki Shah of Rahon is said to be still lying in the museum at Lahore (Pakistan). Towards the beginning of the Mughal period, the town was occupied by the Raja of Machhiwara, Rana Udho. He actively assisted Akbar (1556-1605 AD). During his fight for the Delhi throne and defeated and captured the rebellious Bairam Khan. As a reward, the Raja allowed to retain the jagir of Rahon. In Akbar’s time, Rahon was the capital of the Dardhak mahal, and gave its name to one of the two tarafs into which the mahal was divided. In Aurangzeb’s reign (1658-1707 A.D), a brick fort was built here. The Rajputs of Rahon were Chaudhris and men of much influence during the Muhammdan rule. In 1759,  Rahon was seized by Tara Singh Gheba, the head of the Dallewalia Confederacy and remained in his possession till his death, when it was added to Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s dominions. It is evidently a very old town, and from its commanding situation on an eminence overlooking the low valley of the Satluj, must have been a place of importance. Rahon’s importance was primarily due to its location on the ancient trade route to Tibet and Central Asia and it began to fall in importance as soon as a new route through Kabul was opened during the mughal times. Its proximity to big marsh made it a victim of periodic out-breaks of malaria in an epidemic form. Consequently, its population has greatly declined. The population of the town was said to be to the tune of 69,000 when the British took over the Rahon after first Anglo-Sikh war in 1845-46. It was 12,134 in 2001.

Ancient city Rahon was in the form of a fort which had four gates viz., Delhi Gate, Lahori Gate, Pahar Singh Gate and Ropri Gate. Besides these gates there are several places of historical importance in Rahon which are described below :

 

Theh and Quila.- The quila ( fort)  was built about 2000 years ago by Raja Raghab in the form of a Kachi Garhi but it was converted into a Puscca Quila (fort) by Rana Udho. This quila contains one Senior Secondary School, Police Station, Masjid of Aurangzeb, as well as Roshan Shah Bali’s Makbara. It is said about Roshan Shah Bali’s makbara that if any body swears wrong at the makbara he will die otherwise he has to bear a heavy loss.

 

Mehto Shivdyala.-  Shivdyala Mandir is situated outside the city. The building has been divided into two parts. Right side has been built on the pattern of South Indian art. The mandir contains the statue of Shiv Parbati. It has five gates.

           

Suraj Kund.-  The holy place in the town is Suraj Kund which is located on the Nawashahr-Rahon road.  This Kund is said to have been built by Baba Aughar during the period of Pathan Rule. The town which is said to enshrine the remains of another saint was built during the reigns of the Tughlaks. There is also a wall near Kund which started moving by spiritual power of Baba Aughar.

 

Panj Tirthian Tank.- There is Panj Tirthian tank at Rahon which was got excavated by Rana Udho as a place of pilgrimage for his five sons who could not proceed on pilgrimage due to the illness of their father. The Samadh of Rana Udho still exists at Rahon.

 

Ramsar Sarovar.- Adjoining the smadhs of Rana Udho and his brave widow, is a tank which is known as Ramsar Sarovar. The tank was constructed by their son Jhanda Singh.

Dera Murki Shah.- This is a place where Muslim Faqir used to pray. The place has 27 (Burne) trees which could not be counted. The Faqir was very helpful to the destitute and poor people. Whenever a needy person goes to the Faqir for helf he gives his murki and again with spiritual power murki was placed in his ear.

 

        Baba Adliana, Village Garcha (Nawashahr).- The place is located on Nawashahr to Rahon road. A big Gurdwara  has been built here. A large number of people visit this place to fulfil their desires. A big fair is held here every year in the month of Pauh/Magh on Pooranmashi (full moon night).

 

Mai Raunkan’s Temple, Village Raksan, (Nawashahr).- The place is located on Jadla to Raksan road. It is famous for Mai Raunkan’s temple. Mai Raunkan was wife of Dighan Rishi. The couple had a cow which fulfils all their needs. One day a group of sadhus visited the house of Dighan Rishi. After having their meal the sadhus demanded cow. Dighan Rishi donated the cow to them. Cow started flying in the sky. The sadhus targeted the cow with an arrow. The cow torn into two pieces then a voice was heard from the sky, a baby will take birth in Mai Raunkan’s house who will destory the khatri caste. Mai Raunkan’s son fought 21 battles and ended the khatri caste and restricted the Hindus from eating Massar and Lasan.

 

            Sujpal Temple, Village Ranowal, (Nawashahr).- It is located 15 km from Nawashahr. The temple contains one sarovar whose water is said to   cures various minor skin diseases. Few people who belong to Brahmin and Khatri castes  perform Mundan ceremony of their children in this temple.

 

                                               

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