PUNJAB DISTRICT GAZETTEERS

Table 4

Monthly Average Rainfall in Gurdaspur District During 1972,1977and 1982 to 1987 (in centimeters )

Year	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December	Total
1972	5.29	8.35	3.62	1.34	0.00	2.10	24.48	20.67	2.75	0.42	1.36	1.12	71.60
1977	9.52	___	0.05	5.78	4.48	8.88	44.01	35.44	6.04	0.52	0.10	6.27	121.09
1982	5.20	5.00	4.60	2.30	1.80	5.50	27.10	26.80	11.70	1.30	0.60	2.70	94.60
1983	9.74	8.67	7.60	20.68	5.66	3.99	16.60	18.67	11.86	1.21	___	0.12	104.80
1984	0.98	7.55	4.44	1.20	0.55	8.32	31.06	29.50	13.50	0.45	____	2.46	100.01
1985	1.77	0.36	0.23	2.40	0.95	3.16	32.46	32.16	6.21	14.32	0.02	6.68	100.72
1986	51.9	49.7	45.6	22.9	17.5	55.0	271.2	267.9	117.3	13.1	5.5	26.6	944.2
1987	29.8	75.1	39.7	32.0	113.1	26.4	92.4	154.1	60.5	53.8	___	4.4	681.8

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1973, 1978 and 1983 to 1988)

(4) Atmostpheric Pressure and Winds

Cloudiness :- the skies are partly to heavily clouded and occassionally over-cast during the south–west monsoon season and for brief spells of two or three days in the cold season in association with passing western disturbances. During the rest of the year ,the skies are generally clear or light clouded.

Winds :- Winds are generally light with some strengthening in force in summer and the early part of the monsoon season . In the post monsoon and cold season ,winds are light and variable in direction in the morings and mostly from west or north –west in the afternoon. Winds are mainly from direction between north –west and north –east in the mornings and between west and north –east in the afternoons in April and may By June easterlies and south – easterlies begins to blow and in the south –west monsoon season, which are commonly from direction between north –east and south-east.

Special Weather Phenomena :- Western distrurbances affect the weather over the district during during the cold season causing wide – spread rain and gusty winds. Thunder storms occur in the summer and monsoon season. Dust storms occur in the latter part of the summer season. Occasional fogs occur in the cold season, their frequency being more in the hills and valleys in the northern part of the district.

Table 5and 6 gives the mean wind speed and special weather phenomena for Pathankot :

Table 5

Mean Wind Speed in km/hr

(PATHANKOT)

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Annual

5.7

6.4

8.8

9.9

11.8

10.9

9.0

6.8

6.9

5.7

6.1

5.1

7.8

(Source : Additional Director General of Meterology (Research), Pune)

Table 6

Special Weather Phenomena

( Pathankot)

Mean No of Days	Jaunary	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December	Annual
Thunder	1.3	0.7	2	3	3	3	5	5	3	0.7	0.3	1.0	28
Hali	0.1	0.1	0	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.5
Dust Storm	0.1	0.1	0.8	0.7	3	3	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	8
Squall	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.9
Fog	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.6

CHAPTER II

HISTORY

(a) Ancient period

The whole of Punjab imcluding the area of Gurdaspur District was of the Indus Valley Civilization. It is worthwise to mention here that Harappa and Mohenjodaro are the sites where remain of the Indus Valley Civilization have been found extensively. Harappa is situated in the Montgomery District of Pakistan. It was larger than Mohenjodaro possible metropolis of great people. Mohenjodaro which means in Sindhi ‘The Place of the deal ' is situated about 40 km south of Larkana District in middle Sindh (Pakistan). it lies more than 600 km south –west of Harappa. Traces of the selfsame people as at Harappa and mohenjodaro have been detected in Gurdaspur District at the following places:-

Serial No	Name of the Village	Name of the Tehsil
1	Jakria	Gurdaspur
2	Gurdas Nangal	Do
3	Guria	Do
4	Jaura Chhitran	Do
5	Kahuwan	Do
6	Kalanour	Do
7	Balaggan	Do
8	Godder	Do
9	Bhakhariwal	Do
10	Machhrala	Do
11	Lohgarh	Do
12	Shahpur	Do
13	Chhin Bhatti	Do
14	Chuhar Chak	Do
15	Paniar	Do
16	Niwan Dhakala	Do
17	Dadwan	Do
18	Haripur	Do
19	Kandiala	Batala
20	Bijliwal	Do
21	Dala Chak	Do
22	Dera Baba Nanak	Do
23	Hardo Rawal	Do
24	Wadala Granthia	Do
25	Veroke	Do
26	Bhagtana Boharwala	Do
27	Mari Panuwan	Do
28	Male wal	Do
29	Machhrai	Do
30	Loharanwali	Do
31	Rahimabad	Do
32	Rampur	Do
33	Bhiwani	Do

¹B.B. Lal S.P Gupta , Frontiers of the Indus Civilization, pp 521 – 526 and Madhubala, Prachin Punjab Di Sanskriti (Delhi, 1990), p. 103

From the above evidence, it has been established now that whole of Gurdaspur District was a part of the vast area covered under Indus valley Civilization during the early period of history. This civilization developed prior to the Aryan Civilization in this region .even in ancient times, trade was o primary factor in the urban development of societies. the Indus valley Civilization also flourished with the growth of trade by overland and sea-routes .It has been proved by the discovery of various seals from the ancient sites.

The Indus valley Civilization of which Gurdaspur district was a part, constitutes indeed the oldest example yet known of systematic town planning. Board streets from south to north were crossed by other at right angles, and the block thus formed were subdivided by lanes parallel or at right angles to the arterial street. The house of these people were of appreciable size with adequate arrangement of sanitation.

The people of the Indus valley Civilization had built grand cities and highly developed culture life. Cotton and woolen fabrics were in common use, ornaments were worn by both men and women, beautiful pottery was produced and the sculptor’s technique was well developed. The carpenter, the mason ,the blacksmith, the goldsmith, the jeweler, the stone cutter and the ivory workers had a flourishing trade. A large number of terra-cotas represent cattle normally humped bulls although the short horn and the buffalos also occur.Strangely . cows are never represented. A large number of seals and tables found from various sites, have introduced example of tbe pictographic script which still constitutes one of the major mysteries of the Indus Civilization. It has not as yet been deciphered.

The people of the Indus Valley Civilization followed some organized reglion. Religion association of bathing or purificatory importance of the water is to be traced to the people of moh njodaro and Harappa as can be inferred from the discovery of the great bath. The tradition of the scared tree,piple goes back to them .In historic Buddhism ,it come to be venerated as the holy Bodhi tree. The beginning of making images of scared character may also be traced to Indus Civilization; numerous image of of female figurines, obviously of religion nature have been found in the Indus ruins. Many example of ling and yoni have been found in the Indus antiquities. Some animal such as the lion, elephant, bull and rhinoceros, seem to have had religion or symbolic significance among the citizen of Mohenjordaro and Harappa . The bull is frequently and realistically portrayed on seal . It has been established that the people of Indus Valley Civilization used to worship the Mother Goddess and Pashupati (Shiva).

From the excavation and exploration of the sites of Indus Valley people, it is apparent that these people had achieved a remarkable degree of proficiency in sanitation and town planning . These ancient people had the amenities of a developed city life.

The rock-temple at Mukeshwar on the Ravi about eight Kilometers above shahpur kandi are fine specimens of antiquities. These are said to date back to the times of pandavas. Stories are told of Arjun ‘s and Draurpadi visit to the place ; a long cleft in the rock a little way up the river is known

‘ Arjun’ s Chula ‘ Alexander Cunningham indentified that the tribe called Udumbras had also its habitation on the River Ravi in Gurdaspur District .

Gurdaspur, along with is neighbouring District, was the scene of the exploits of Alexander, who had come as far as the river beas in his grand design of word conquenst. Alexander was engaged in grim struggle with the Kathaians at Sangala ,which is located near Fatehgarh in the Gurdaspur District. King Poros arrived with his army and elephants and tited the scales of Alexander’s favour.

The last camp of Alexander before he commenced his return march is supposed to have been on the bank of the river Beas, Probably in this district. But all trace of the twelve enormous alter of hewn stone, which he is supposed to have left on the spot, have unfort untately been irretrievably lost.

The authority of Alexander retreated with him every where shadow. As the semblance of Alexander’s influence was fading and flagging away .the vast mass of displaced mercenaries, decrepit armies, infuriated rebels and upstart adventurers of the Punjab was being channelised and organized by Chandargputa Maurya and Chanakya into a tremendous imperial movement which swept up to Pataliputra in the east and resulted in the creation of the first unified Indian empire known to history .

The weak successors of Ashoka Maurya could not retian the region. The Greeks of Bactria invadad and occupied the Punjab in the second century B.C About 150 B.C , Demetrius overran Madhyemika, modern Manjher or the upper part of Bari Boad, Then Followed a series of foreign in roads by Sakas , Kushans, Huns, etc.

In the 6^th Century AD arose the great Kingdom of Thanesar under Harshavardhana which included only the Punjab east of the River Jhelum.

On the basis of remains, the modern archaeologists believe that Chhina Patti in Gurdaspur District was a colony of the Chines . it is also believed that Hiuen Tsang who visited India during the reign of Narshavardhana also stayed here for some time .

Medieval Period

1001 AD to 1019 AD .. From the later half of the tenth century upto 1019,the District of Gurdaspur was included in the Shahi Kingdom of the Punjab under Jayapal (1001-1012 AD ) and Trilochanpal Anangpal (1012-1019 AD ). Shahi Kingdom was extended from the Indus to Lamghan on the one side and from Kashmir to Multan on the other

1019 AD .. On the death of Trilochanpal and the flight of his son Bhimpal from the reigon, the entire Shahi kingdom formed part of the dominions of Sultan Mathmud of Ghanzi .

1325 AD .. Nam Dev (1270-1350) a saint belonging to Maharashtra visited Gurdaspur District when he was about fifty –five year of age . He settled of Ghuman and is supposed to have died here . A temple in his memory has been built at this place .

1353 AD .. Firoz Shah Tughlaq, a great canal constructor visited Kalanaur in 1353 on hunting excursion, Kalanour was the mast important town in the district during the period of Delhi Emperors.

1422 AD .. Kalanour was attacked by Jasrath Khokhar.

1428 AD .. Jasrath Khokhar made anthor attack on kalanour .

1472 AD .. Balala was founded by Rai Ram Deo, a Bhatti Rajput From Kapurthala, during the time of Bahlol Khan Lodhi.

1485 AD .. Guru Nanak Dev Ji was married with Sulakni, daughter of Mul Chand, a Khatri of Pakhoke ( Dera Baba Nanak ) in the Batala Tehsil in the Gurdaspur District . The marriage was solemnized at Batala .

1539 AD .. Guru Nanak Dev Ji seems to have lived a great deal at Pakhoke ( now Known as Dera BaBa Nanak ), the village of his wife and eventually died in 1539 at Kartarpur on the opposite bank of the River Ravi ( in Pakistan ) . It was there the celebrated dispute occurred between Hindu and Muhammadan followers as to whether his body should be burnt or buried, which was solved by the body itself disappearing.

15 February1556 .. it was at Kashmir that Akbar was installed by Bairam Khan on a takht ( throne ) on 15 February 1556, Immediately when Akbar received the news of his father ,s death

1605-1658 .. The Emperor Jahangir visited Kahnuwan and Pindori during this period .

1627-1658 During the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan, the sixth Guru HargobindJi founded Sri Hargobind pur and stayed here for sometime. In 1639, Ali Mardan Khan, the celebrated Enginner ,began the construction of the Shsh Nahar to carry the water of the River Ravi to royal garden of Shalimar near Lahore (Pakistan ) . Ala-ul- Mulk remodelled and completed the work and wihin the Gurdaspur District at least the alignment was closely followed, not only by the Sikh rulers in constructing the Hasli Canal but also by British engineers in laying out Bari Doab canal . Baba Lal Ji who is said to have lived in the time of the Emperor Shah Jahan, founded the well-known to the left of the road from Batala to Dera Baba Nanak . Dara Shikoh to visit Dhianpur to have frequent religious disputation with the saint Lal Ji

1708 .. On being commissioned by Guru Gobind Singh from Deccen to the Punjab in 1708 to punish those who had persecuted the Sikh and murdered his father and innocent children, Banda Bahadur used this district as a base from where he raided the countery upto Lahore .

1711 .. Banda Bahadur began to extend his influence in the direction of Gurdaspur District. The Sikhs overran the towns of Raipur and Bahrampur and advanced towards the parganas of kalanaur and Batala . On his way to Lahore ,the emperor Bahadur Shah (1707 -1712) crossed the River Beas at the fort of Sri Hargobindpur (Rahilla) on 23 June .A haltb was made at the town of Kahnuwan on 17 July at Kalanaur on 29July and Chamiari on 30 July reaching Lahore on 11 August 1711. He came to pursue Banda Bahadur who had fled towards the Hills of Jammu .

1712-1713 .. The years 1712 and 1713 were the most unfavourable to the Sikh . Thousand of them were captured and put to death . The decline of the Sikh power and persecution of the Sikhs gave an impetus to those in power, all over the country, to persecute them remorselesaly .

27 March 1714.. Jagat Singh with a detachment alongwith his brothers and servants ,fell upon the village Kiri Afghanan ( kitri Pathaaan ) in the pargana of Kahnuawan and entered the garhi or fortress of the scuffle .Booty worth about sixth thousand, in cash and in kind belonging to the residents of the village and those of the neighbouring village fell into the hands of the Sikhs.

1715 .. In the beginning of 1715 after about fifteen month’ sojourn iin the Jammu Hills, Banda reappeared in the plains from the direction of Jammu and marched toward kalanaur. Kalanaur fell into the hands of the Sikhs .Banda next marched toward Batala .its faujdar , Sheikh Muhammand Dayam ,came out to encounter the Sikh force . A bloody battle was fought for about six hours ,and there was great bloodshed on both sides. Many among from the nobility of Batala were killed . None of the Zamindars and commander could resist the Sikhs in the field of battle . Batala and its neighbourhood were occupied by the Sikhs .

17 December 1715 . Banda Bahadur and his soldiers were made prisoner by the mughal force at the mud fort of Gurdas Nangal about 6km to the south –west of the town of Gurdaspur.

1730 .. Dianangar was founded by Adina Beg on the banks of the hasli or Shah Nadar as his residence and cantonment. He seems to have exercised his government mainly from that town.

1738 The invasion . of Nader Shah in 1738 dis-organised the Gurdaspur and Government and aggression of the Sikhs Increased enabling them to occupy more territory in the district .

1746 First Ghalughara ( Holocaust ) took place . A hug army consisting of mughal troops and auxiliaries drawn from all over the country ,marched against the Sikhs under the personal command of yahiya Khan ,the Governor of Lohare (1745-1747) and his diwan Lakhpat Rai . The Sikhs about fifteen thousand in number ,had taken refuge in the reedy . marshes of Kahnuwan . They were over powered by the enemy and thousand of them were killed .

1758 .. Adina Beg died at Batala .The Death of Adina Beg removed the main check on the growing power of the Sikhs, and they soon spread over the country

1808 The power of ramgarhia sikha missal in the district was broken in by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

1811 .. The power of Kanhaya Misal was broken by Maharaja Ranjit Sing1811.

May 1838 . Macnaghten Mission on thr subject of the proposed alliance with the object of placing Shah Shuja on the throne of Kabul ,was received at Dinanagar by Maharaja Ranjit Singh . Dinanagar was a favourite summer residence of the Lion of the Punjab .

(c) British Role

1849 .. After annexation of Punjab to the British territory in April 1849 , a new

District of Adinaagar was constituted with Dinanagar as its headquartera. Gurdaspur Tehsil, a greater portion of the Batala Tesil and 181 village of Pathankot Tehsil were included in the Adinanagar district .

July 1849 .. In July ,the civil and military escort were transferred to Batala as Dinanagar was thought unhealthy .

1851 The abolition of female infanticide was one of the important social welfare measures adopted by the British The Deputy Commissioner, Gurdaspur brought to the notice of the Government that the Bedis Killed their female off springs and were known as Kureemars ( girl slayers) . The matter was immediately taken in hand and all the Deputy Commissioners in the Punjab were directed to send details reports on the prevalence of this crime in their areas . In due course ,the crime of female infanticide almost vanished in the district .

1852 The Shahpur Kandi tract was transferred from Kangra to this District The District officers were shifted to Gurdaspur on 1 May 1852 and the crime of the district and treasury was finally altered from that of Adinanagar to Gurdaspur.

1857 . To meet the situation of great uprising of 1857, precautionary measure were taken by james Naesmyth, Deputy Commissioner, Gurdaspur. The first step to meet the situation was to ensure the regular , accurate and direct communication of intelligence from each outpost of the district as to the State of feeling etc. in the neighbourhood . The police were further enjoined at once to arrest any agitator or suspicious person or persons who might be disseminating or stirring up redellion.

On 20 May 1857 ,a treasure of nearly rupees seven lakhs was removed to the fort of Gurdaspur at Amritsar .

1857 . On 3 June 1857, a feeling of still greater security was created at Gurdaspur by the dismissal of the detachment of the 59 Native Infantry to join its headquarters at Amritsar

The rebellions of 1857 in the district were curshed mercilessly .

During the first week in August ,a remnant, numbering about 25 men of the 26^th Native Infantry from Lohare, found their way into the swamps of this district. They were all killed by a party of the new levy under Garbett and Hanna of the canal Department and by a separate little party of the 2^nd

Irregular Cavalry under Major Jackson, who was seriously wonnded.

1861 .Raja Teja Singh‘S Jagir was consolidated in the south –west of the Batala Tehsi and his headquarters were fixed at that town and a considerable Jurisdiction over the jagir villages was conferred on him with the title of Raja of Batala.

December 1862 . A new tehsil was formed at Qudian on the death of the Raja of Batal December 1862 . The lagir was resumed and the former tehsil Batala was reconsitituted .

April 1867 .. Batala tehsil was transferred to Amritsar from Gurdaspur. `

1April 1869 Batala teshil was re-transferred to Gurdaspur District, as the arrangement did not work satisfactorily

1866-1871.. From 1866 onwards, Kukas were particularly active in their compaign against tombs, graves and cremation marks. The more ardent among them took law into their hands and committed several acts of aggression in some of the district including Gurdaspur . Some f them were arrested and awarded varying terms of imprisonment .

1869 .. The famine of 1869 caused havoc in the district .

1870 .. The year 1870, ushered in an era of peasant indebtedness which

had never been known in the country before . The elaborate legal system introduced by the British contributed toward the impoverishment o the peasantry and the enrichment of money – lender and lawyers .

1900 .. The 16^th Session of the Indian National Congress was held at Lahore in Which delegates from all over the Punjab including Gurdaspur District took part .

February 1907 .. There was much unrest in the district . The immediate cause of unrest Was of the Punjab Canal Colonies Act in February 1907 . It restricted the right to cut Tree on their land . At the same time , the Government passed the Colonization of Government land ( Punjab ) Bill in February 1907 in order to enhance the rate of water supply from the Bari Doab Canal . All these measures were responsible for raising a political storm in the Punjab .

1913-1915 .. The Ghadar party with headquarters at san Francisco ( U.SA ) was formedIn 1913 to liberate India by force . A large number of Ghadarites came to Indian and many of them were able to reach Punjab. These revolutionaries exhorted the people to rise but not with much success

The Ghadarites were suppressed with a heavy hand. A large number of them were tried by special tribunals constituted under the defence of India Act , 1915 .A list of revolutionaries belonging to the Gurdaspur district tried and convicted ,is given in the Appendix at the end of this chapter .

1917. The district Congress Committee ,Gurdaspur was formed in October, with Sheikh Mukhtar Ahmed Advocate ,as its President and Mehr Chand ,Pleader as Secretary . To begin with the number of the district congress Committee was 24, which increased In due course . The delegates of the District Congress Committee, Gurdaspur, attended the provincial Political Conference held at Lahore in 1917 .

26 February 1918 The district Congress Committee ,Gurdaspur passed a resolution of protest against the Restriction of Habitual Offenders ( Punjab ) Act, 1918, on the ground that this Act curbed individual liberty and placed entirely at the mercy of low-paid police and village official.

March 1919 . The Rowlatt Act ,passed in march 1919, nvested the Government with Extraordinary powers to suppress any kind of political agitation. .A complete hartal was observed at Batala, Dhariwal, Dinanagar, Gurdaspur, Pathankot, and Sujanpur, while a partial hartal was observed at Aliwal, Qudian and Shoal against the Rowlatt Act . protest meeting were held at Batala, Pathankot and Gurdaspur.

11April 1919 The Deputy Commissioner, Gurdaspur assembled all available member of the local bar in his court in the forenoon and discussed the situation of law and order. In the evening a joint meeting of the Hindus and the Muslims was held in the Arian Wali Mosque .

12 April 1919 A hartal was observed at Batala and Gurdaspur.

13 April 1919 A Hartal was observed at Pathankot. At night, a meeting of Hindus and Muslims was held in the Jama Masjid during which a suggestion was made to raid the civil lines. The demonstrators took an extremely violent form after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre at Amritsar on 13 April 1919.

13-15 April 1919 During this period, telegraph wires were cut at a large number of places in Gurdaspur District.

14 April 1919 The Government authorities issued orders under the Punjab Patrol Act for patrolling of railway lines in the Gurdaspur District. At Pathankot, an attempt was made to damage the railway tract near the station.

16 April 1919 On 16 April 1919, a lighted torch was thrown at an English lady during riding in a motor-car at Pathankot.

21 April 1919 The Gurdaspur District was proclaimed under section 15 of the Police Act. The General Officer Commanding Amritsar and his moveable column arrived at Gurdaspur in the forenoon and in the afternoon General Dyer addressed a meeting of pleaders and local notables in the town hall.

22 April 1919 Batala was visited by the movable column under General Dyer, who addressed two meetings of the town people and the rural people separately.

Dhariwal was also visited by the moveable column under General Dyer, who addressed a meeting of pleaders and local notables.

2 May 1919 Nine persons were arrested at Gurdaspur under the Defence of India Act for attempting to create disaffection towards the government.

3 Augast 1920 Public meetings were held at Gurdaspur in which Sir Michael O Dwyer's claim that the Punjab public supported his policy was severely repudiated due to the effect of the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy and the martial law administration.

15 November 1920 Shiromani Gurudwara Prabhandhak Committee was set up by the Sikhs for the management of all Sikh shrines. Consequently, many gurudwaras of the district came under the control of Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee.

1920 No n-Co-operation Movement was started by Gandhi Ji in 1920 due to an alliance with the Khilafat leaders. Jallainwala Bagh Tragedy and Rowlett Act were also responsible for the starting of Non-co-operation Movement. Its programme, among other items including the renunciation of all government titles, the boycott of legislation, law courts and government schools and colleges. The people all over the country enthusiastically responded to the call of Gandhi Ji. The Government made every efforts to stop the movement and a large member of persons courted imprisonment.

There was a great response to the call of Gandhi Ji by the people of this district. A darbar at Dinanagar was held to discuss the situation created by Gandhi Ji by H. Harcourt, the Deputy Commissioner, Gurdaspur. Extraordinary meeting held on 3 December, 1920 by theGurdaspur District Bar Association passed a resolution making is incumbent on its members to refrain henceforth from accepting any work and appearing in the courts. The Deputy Commissioner discussed the matter with them in which he explained that he had no intention of and never meant to wound their religious and patriotic susceptibilities. In view of this, the said resolution of bycotting his court was dropped.

1921 Public meetings for the promotion of the Swadeshi (Indian made) Movements were also organised at Behrampur, Dinanagar and Pathankot in the district. A conference of weavers, carders and managers of Khadies of the district was organized at Gurdaspur, under the auspices of the local District Congress Committee. The main aim of this conference was to promote the uses of Swadeshi goods like Khadi cloth, woollen blankets, dhotis, turbans, handweaven clothes and bycott the foreign made goods. This had the desired effect and a large number of persons discarded their clothes made out of foreign cloth.

February 1922 Gandhi Ji called off the Non-cooperation Movement in February 1922 due to some incidents of violence.

29-30 April 1922 A session of the Punjab Provincial Conference was held at Batala on 29-30 April 1922. One of the resolutions passed there declared the firm adherence of the conference to the Principles of non-violence and non-co-operation as the only means of attaining freedom and getting the Khilafat and Punjab grievances redressed.

26 January 1930 26 January 1930 was declared the Independence Day. The National flag was hoisted and the Independence pledge was taken by the people at Gurdaspur and other places in the district.

8 June 1930 A Ladies Congress Committee was established at Dinanagar and women were exhorted to take their proper share in the national struggle and be ready to suffer for the country. Thereafter, women also began to participate in the Satyagrah Movement.

1934 The Second Civil Disobedience Movement was naturally subsided by the middle of 1934.

1939-45 The Congress refused co-operation in the World War II (1939-45) which was conducted on imperialistic lines.

November 1939 The Congress ministries in different provinces resigned.

8 August 1940 The Viceroy, Lord Linlithgow, made a statement on 8 August 1940 holding out the prospect of a representative constituent assembly after the war was over. This August Offer was rejected by the Congress and as a protest, Gandhi ji started the campaign of individual civil; disobedience. A good number of people in the Gurdaspur District singed the satyagrah pledge and their names were sent from time to time by the District Congress Committee, Gurdaspur for approval of Gandhi ji.

January 1941 The District Satyagrah Congress Committee was formed in early January 1941 to accelerate the enrolment of satyagrahis and enlist the sympathy of the masses. The people showed great enthusiasm and a good number of them courted arrests.

9 August 1942 Gandhi Ji and all the members of the Congress Working Committee were arrested. The Indian National Congress was banned and its officers were taken possession of by the police. The British Government did all in its power to crush the Congress organization. A good number of persons were arrested in the Gurdaspur District.

1946 The results of elections were over-whelmingly in the favour of the Congress.

1 July 1947 The British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act on 1 July 1947.

15 August 1947 Country attained Independence on 15 August 1947. The achievement of Independence was celebrated in the district with great enthusiasm. But it was marred by the communal riots and the exodus of minority communities from both sides of the border consequent upon the partition of the country.

On partition of Punjab in 1947, the whole of Shakargarh Tehsil of Gurdaspur District was transferred to Pakistan.

1960 An agreement was reached between the Government of India and Pakistan that the shifting of the course of rivers was not to effect the boundaries between the two countries. As a result of the demarcation, district gained and lost possession of certain chunks of land situated on both sides of River Ravi.

1966 The boundary Commission recommended the inclusion of pockets of Dalhousie, Baloon and Bakloh in Himachal Pradesh and necessary provision was made in the Punjab Reorganization Act, 1966. These are as were transferred as such with effect from 1 November 1966.

APPENDIX !

Ghadar ( Rebellion ) of 1915

Revolutionaries belonging to the Gurdaspur District tried and convicted by Special Tribanals.

Name

Village

Penalty

Person accused of the Second Lahore Conspiracy Case sentenced to trancsportation for life with forfelture of property

Udham Singh

Thikriwala

------

Person sentenced to various terms of imprisonment in the Second Lahore Conspiracy Case

Sher Singh

Thikriwala

1 years ‘s rigorous imprisonment

Person sentenced to different terms of imprisonment in the Srigobindpur Conspiracy Case

Sher Singh	Thikriwala	7 Years	Rigorous imprisonment
Kesar Singh	do	3,,	“
Gundoo	do	3,,	“
Veer Singh	do	21,,	‘
Puran Singh	Kot Todar Mal	21,,	“
Atma Singh	Thikriwala	14,,	“
Santa Singh	Bham	14,,	“
Labhoo	Arjanpur	14,,	“
Munshi	Kot Todar Mal	14 ,,	“
Tehta	do	14,,	‘
Dharam Singh	Bham	7,,	“
Kala Singh	do	7,,	“
Bahadur Singh	do	7,,	“
Bhagat Singh	do	7,,	“
Bela Singh	Thikriwala	7,,	“

CHAPTER III

PEOPLE

Distribution of Population between Rural and Urban Areas

According to 1981 Census there are 11 town in the district ,viz ,Pathankot ,Batala, Gurdaspur, Qudian, Sujanpur, Dinanagar, Dhariwall, Fatehgarh Churian, Dera Baba Nanak, Sri Hargobind pur and Narot Jaimal Singh .Among them 10 town are classified Municipalites except Narot jaimal singh ,which is Notified Area Committee . All these town accommodate 21.39 pre cent of the total population of the district . The following tables give the distribution of population between the rural areas and tahsils in the district according to 1981 Census .

Tahsil /District	Total Population	Males	Females	Rural	Urban
Gurdaspur District	15,13,435	7,93,484	7,19,951	11,85,167	3,28,268
Pathankot District	4,01,727	2,09,733	1,91,994	2,75,467	1,26,260
Gurdaspur Tahsil	5,51,704	2,87,844	2,63,860	4,86,885	64,819
Pathankot Tahsil	5,60,004	2,95,907	2,64,097	4,22,815	1,37,189

(Census of India , 1981 , Series -17 , Punjab , Part II, General population Tables , P 198)

Sex Ration ;-- According to 1981 Census ,the total population of the Gurdaspur District was 15, 13, 435 out of which 7, 93, 484 were males and 7, 19, 951 were females, i.e showing ratio of 52.43: 47.57 against the ratio 52.90: 47.10 for Census .

As per 1981 Census, there were 907 females per 1.000 males against 879 females per 1,000 males in the state of the pnujab ,Gurdaspur District came next to Hoshiarpur District in the state of number of female per 1.000 males

Density of Population :

The density of population of the district increased from 286 person per sq. km in 1961 to 425 in 1981 . It is higher than the density of population of Punjab state as a whole is 333 person per sq. km .The same trend was noticed in all the tahsils of the district . Batala tahsi had the highest density of population with 457 person per sq. km in 1981. whereas the Gurdaspur Tahsil had the lowest with 413 person per sq, km . According to 1981 Census, the district ranked fourth in respect of density of population afte Jalandhar (510 Person per sq. Km) Ludhiana ( 472 person per sq ,km) and Amritsar (430 person sq .km ) district . The density of population of Gurdaspur District is given below .

Year	Density of population ( per sq. km)
1961	286
1971	345
1981	425

(Census of India , 1981 , Series -17 , Pumjab , Part II A and Part IIB General population Tables and Primary Census Abstract P. 25)

Growth of population

The population of the Gurdaspur district as at the sunrise of 1 March 1981 was 15,13, 435 of which 7, 93, 484 were males and 7, 19, 951 were females. The net addition to the population between 1971 and 1981 was 2,83,971 thereby recording a decenntal growth rate 23..10 per cent during the decade as against the state growth rate of 23.89 per cent . The rate of growth recording during the previous decade 1961 -1971 was per cent. The table given under shows he population of the district from 1961 onwards with the decennial growth rates.

Year	Population	Percentage decade variation
1961	9,80,868
1971	12,29,464	+25.34
1981	15,13,435	+23.10

( Census of India , 1981 , Series -17 , Pumjab , Part II A and Part IIB General population Tables and Primary Census Abstract P. 63 )

Distribution of population of Scheduled Castes

According to 1981 Census ,the population of Scheduled Castes in the district was 3,58, 540 as against 2,67,110 in 1971 .

The following tables shows the tehsilwise distribution of Scheduled Castes population in the district according to 1971 and 1981 census :-

District / Tahsil			1971			1981
	Total	Males		Females	Total		Males	Females
Pathanot Tahsil	95,209	50,183		45,026	1,22,986		64,915	58,071
Gurdaspur Tahsil	96,556	45,859		40,679	1,17,133		61,900	55,222
Batala Tahsil	85,345	45,381		39,954	1,18,432		63,019	55,413
Total	2,67,110	1,41,423		1,25,687	3,58,540		1,89,834	1,68,706

(Census of India , 1981 , Series -17 , Pumjab , Part II A and Part IIB General population Tables,PP 168-169 , and Census of India, 1981, Series -17 , Punjab Part II-A and Part II-B , General population and primary Census Abstract , PP 198-199)

Distribution of population by Religion

According to 1981 Census, the district has the largest number of Christians in the state . The distribution f population of the district by religion to 1971 and 1981 Census is given below :

Population Classified by Religion

Religion		1971			1981
	Total	Males	Females	Total		Males	Females
Sikhs	5,50,996	2,92,297	2,58,699	6,75,400		3,54,374	3.21,026
Hindus	5,90,290	3,11,143	2,79,147	7,28,362		3,80,748	2,47,64
Muslims	6,868	3,540	3,328	9,362		4,927	4,435
Curistians	79,732	42,568	37,104	99,637		53,681	46,556
Buddhists	35	22	13	52		25	27
Jains	152	97	55	48		28	20
Other Religions	1	1	-	560		293	267
Religion not stated	1,175	614	561	14		8	6
Total	12,29,249	6,50,282	5,78,867	15,13,435		7,93,484	7,19,951

(Statistical Abstract of Punjab 1980 PP 62-65 and Census of India , 1981 ,Series -17 , Punjab , Paper I of 1984 , Household population by Religion of head of household PP 12-15 )

Population of the town :

The population between rural and urban population in the district in 1981 was 78:22 approximately as against 80:20 in 1971. It indicates the general trend of population to settle in the urban :areas. The population of towns in the Gurdaspur District s given below :

Towns	1961	1971	1981
Pathankot	54,810	78,192	1,10,089
Batala	51,300	60,784	87,135
Gurdaspur	27,665	32,064	39,529
Qudian	11,502	13,119	15,804
Sujanpur	10,458	12,568	13,095
Dinanagar	9,599	10,607	13,078
Dhariwal	9,601	9,985	12,212
Fatehgarh Churian	6,439	7,590	9,372
Dera Baba Nanak	5,288	5,388	6,212
Sri Hargobindpur	2,341	2,430	3,215
Narot Jaimal Singh	1,809	-	2,660

(Census of India , 1981 , Series -17 , Pumjab , Part II A and Part IIB General population Tables and Primary Census Abstract PP 116-138)

Villages Classified by Population :-

The table given below show the number of the village classified by various ranges of population in Gurdaspur district according to 1971 and 1981 Census :

Year	Total Numberof Village	Less than 200	200-499	550-999	1000-1999	2000-4999	5000-9999	10,000and above
1971	1526	267	539	457	195	64	4	-
1981	1551	228	465	499	267	85	7	-

( Census of India , 1971 and 1981 , Series -17 .. part II –A Punjab General population tables PP 86-89 and 74-77 )

Fairs and Festivals

Fairs and Festivals reflect the cultural heritage of the people of the area and play an important role in their social life. There is chain of fairs and festival ,all the year around the Sikhs, the Hindus, Muslims, etc. The important fairs and festival celebrated in the district are Lohri, Basant, Holi /Hola, Basikhi, Rakash Bandhan, gurpurbs( birth and martyrdom days of Sikhs Gurus) Janam Ashtami , Ram Naumi,Chirstmas, Dussehra, Dewali ,Independence Day and Republic Day .

Basiakhi fair at Pindori Mahantam is the prominent fair celebrated in the district ,which attract a large number of visitor is described below :

Baisakhi Fair at Pindori Mahantan .- Few fairs in Punjab are more spontaneous than Baisakhi . in the plains as far as the human eye can see, there is carpet of wheat crop and the heart of the Farmer vibrates in joy in response to the rustling of plants when their top bearing ripe ears wave under the Influence of gentle breeze. The peasant sees the happy reward of his incessant labour of the past six month .Baisakhi is essentially a seasonal fair to the Sikhs it was on this day that Guru Gobind Singh ordained the Khalsa Panth ( Order)

Basiakhi is observed at many places in the state .Pindori Mahantan is one among such places. It is an old dera of the Mahants, the management of which has passed from Guru to his chela for generation .It is not Known since when the basiakhi Fair at Pindori Mahantan is being celebrated . Some suggest that the fair was first held when Baba Narainji succeeded his Guru, Baba Bhagwanji about four centuries ago has been held year since then . The fair lasts for there days ,from 1st to 3^rd Basiakh ,corresponding to 13 to 15 April .

The monastery was founded sometime in the regin of Emperor Jahangir ( 1605-1627) by a famous Hindu saint , Bariagi Bhaganji, The saint belonged to the Vaishanava sect An interesting story connected with the founding of the shrine is given below :

“ The propects of sort in the extensive marsh to which Kahunwan gives its name attracted the Emperor Jahangir who made Frequent visit to this town . During one of these, he first heard of the existence of the celebrated Bariagi, fakir Bhagwanji and sought to make his acquaintance. The Bairagi avoided the king by miraculously burrowing through the ground to Pindori some 10 miles ( 16 km) off to the north, and on the king following him up, he effected in a similar way his escape to Dhamtal across the Chakki in Kangra In proof of the story .caves or rather holes in the ground ,are shown at Kahnuwan and Pindori . On a sudsequent visit ,jahangir found Narain, the disciple of Bhagwanji ,at Pindori, but could get no answer from him since the Fakir was then under going a penance in consequence of which he was not allowed to speak . He therefore, took him to Lahore, where seven cups of poison were, it is said ,administered to Narain a mere taste of which was sufficient to kill an elephant on the spot , but which caused him on hurt whatever. on Bhagwanji ‘s arrival, he explained matters to the Emperor who was so amazed at the occurrence that he had a temple constructed at pindori, in the shape of Muhammand domed tomb, which still exists ,and endowed the shrine with grant of a jagir of Rs 20,000 .The deed is, it is said still preserved at the daughter shrine of Dhamtal, and there is no doubt that the tomb and grant were due to the munificence of the Emperor

The main premises of the dera is fortified by a wall . All important building are inside the wall was an except the smadh of Baba Mahesh Dass . who was an illustrious disciple of Bhagwanji ,which is located on one side of the walled premises .Side by side with the smadh of Baba Mahesh Dass lies the smadh of his dog . who is said to have survived a dose 1 ¼ maunds of opium administered to it the Baba as a demonstration of his sptritual powers. A well –laid-out garden surround these two smadhs.

The celebration start with a procession on the morning of Baisakh 1 , carrying the Mahant in a palanquin .. The procession starts from the Naraini deorhi and is headed by the Barahamchairs of the Sanskirt school on a tastefully decorated mare . people in large number accompany the procession which ends at baradari of the tank , After taking his bath ,the Mahant holds nav-garha puja and makes charities in money, grains and a cow to the Brahamins and the poor .In people also take bath in the tank in large numbers. There are separate arrangements for bath women .These ceremonies continue for about two hours after the completion of which the Mahant,s brought back in procession to Naraini deorhi . At about 3 PM ,sankirtan is held in which the Mahant also participates. Then he deliver a religious discourse. Thereafter ,he retires to his chamber and gives darshan to his devotees there.

On the second and third day of the fair, the pilgrims have holi dip in the tank . They also join the kirtan in the temple where the mahant is present . After the kirtan ,the mahant retires to his chamber as on the first day and given audience to his devotess . Before their departure, the pilgrims pay their respect to the Mahant and make offering of money and other articles to him and he in return blesses them and gives them patashas as parshad .

The fair is attended by a large number of village and has an interesting programma of folk songs, dance and competition . A Nihang and his party may be seen showing various feats of soldiery with their spears, swords and chakkars. A large number of people witness such with great interest . Lifting of jute bags filled with loose earth and of stones are other competitions which pose challenge for many a youugmen . Those who are proud of their physical powers invite for competitions .

CHAPTER IV

AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION

Agriculture plays a vital part in the reconstruction of rural economy of a region .The economy of the district is agro based, so any increase or decrease in agriculture production directly affects its economy . In Gurdaspur District, 55 .95 per cent of the total working force constitutes cultivators and agricultural labourers.

Land Utilisation

The available land in the district is mainly used for agricultural purposes About 72 per cent of total area of the district is under cultivation. The distribution of land according to utilization is given in the following table :

Classificatiion of area by land use in Gurdaspur District 1972-73, 1977 -78 and 1982-83 to 1987 -88

Particulars	1972-73	1977-78	1982-83	1983-84	1984-85	1985-86	1986-87	1987-88
1 Total area according to village papers	350	350	350	350	350	350	350	350
2 Forests	16	16	14	14	13	13	13	13
3 Land not available land excluding current fallows	76	76	76	77	76	76	76	76
4 Other cultivated land excluding current fallows land	-	-	-	-	-	(a)	(a)	(a)
5 Fallow lands 1 Current fallows 2. Other fallows land	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	9 -
6 Net area sown	258	258	260	259	261	261	261	252
7 Area sown more than once	118	161	177	178	190	191	206	212
8 Total cropped area (6+7)	376	419	437	437	451	452	467	464

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab , 1973, 1978 and 1982 to 1982 to 1988 )

Note:- (a) denotes below 500 hectares

Area Irrigated by Different Sources of Irrigation -- Irrigation has been given top priority in country ‘s programme of planned development since 1951 . In 1987-88, the area irrigated by tubwell /wells and canals was 65.5 and 31.4 per cent ,reepectively of the net area irrigated in the district . The major source of irrigation is , therefore , tubwells/wells followed by canals .

The following table shows the area irrigated in the district from different source of irrigated during 1972 -73 , 1977 -78 and to 1987 -88 :-

Net Area Irrigated in Gurdaspur District during 1972-73 1977-78 and 1982 -83 to 1987-88

( Thousand hectates )

Source	1972-73	1977-78	1982-83	1983-84	1984-85	1986-87	1986-87	1987-88
Government Canals	50.1	65.4	55.6*	53.2*	59.8*	72.7*	42.4*	59.9
Private Canals	5.2	4.5	4.2	4.2	---	1.4	6.1	5.6
Tubewells and Well	85.2	98.1	104.2	83.1	119.7	109.4	137.0	124.7
Other Sources	0.1	---	2.7	1.9	----	----	0.1	0.1
Total	140.6	168.0	166.7	142.4	179.5	183.5	185.6	190.3

( Statistical Abstract of Punjab , 1973, 1978 and 1982 to 1988 )

*Provisional

Canals : - Canals irrigated in the district is provided by the Upper Bari Doab Canals which was opened for irrigated in 1859 .It has four branches, viz, the Sabraon Branch . These branches provided irrigated to the tract lying in the Amritsar and Gurdaspur district.

The Following tables shows tahsilwise aera irrigated by the different branhes or Upper Bari Doab Canal in the district during 1972 -73 , 1977-78 , and 1982 -83 to 1987-88 :-

Year	Gurdaspur Tahsil		Pathankot Tahsil	Batala Tahsil	Total
1972-73	70,652	14,130		68,841	1,53,623
1977-78	62,714	13,071		58,687	1,34,472
1982-83	57,213	14,709		50,319	1,22,313
1983-84	59,016	15,170		49,581	1,23,767
1984-85	60,915	15,693		49,756	1,26,364
1985-86	68,334	15,275		47,545	1,31,154
1986-87	57,390	15,789		46,203	1,19,382
1987-88	57,592	15,837		46,167	1,19,5

(Source : Superintending Engineer ,Upper Bari Doab Canals , Amritsar ),

Major and Subsidiary Crops .- Detalied particular regarding the area nder different crops, ,their total production in the given in the following tables :

Area under Principal Crops in the Gurdaspur District

( Thousand hectare )

Crops	1972-73		1977-78		1982-83		1983-84		1984-85		1985-86		1986-87		1987-88
Cereals
Rice	82		127		135		138		148		152		161		155
Jawar	0.1		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Bajra	3.1		1.0		0.1		(a)		(a)		0.2		(a)		-
Maize	36		23		17		18		22		10		21		19
Wheat	152		169		191		196		198		196		201		199
Bately	4.5		2.4		1.1		0.5		0.4		0.4		0.5		0.5
Pulses
Gram	4		6		(a)		(a)		0.4		0.5		1.4		1.1
Mash	10.76		9.07		9.20		7.90		6.45		7.30		6.29		5.66
Moong	0.26		0.05		0.01		(a)		0.02		0.01		0.02		0.05
Massar	2.38		3.39		1.36		0.46		0.41		0.74		1.15		1.06
Oil Seeds
Gronudnu		(a)		11.00		--		(a)		----		-----		---		(a)
Rape and Mustard		4.5		2.8		2.5		2.0		3.7		2.8		2.1		3
Seaamum		9.5		5.6		8.7		8.7		8.5		7.9		8.2		6.7
Linseed		0.9		1.0		0.7		0.4		0.5		0.4		0.4		0.6
Other Crops
Surgarcane		21		19		23		18		16.5		16.8		19.0		18.8
Potatoes		0.6		0.7		0.3		0.2		0.2		0.2		0.1		0.2
Cotton (American)		0.3		---		----		---		--		--		--		--
Cotton (Desi )		3.1		1.6		1.1		0.8		0.5		0.7		0.3		0.2

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1973, 1978 and 1982 to 1988)

Production of Principal Crops in Gurdaspur District

( Thousand Metric Tonnes)

Crops	1972-73		1977-78		1982-83		1983-84		1984-85		1985-86		1986-87		1987-88
Cereals
Rice	134		293		329		367		410		411		433		342
Jawar	(b)		--		--		--		--		-		---		---
Bajra	2		1		--		---		---		0.2		--		---
Mazie	42		23		23		34		40		27		41		26
Wheat	306		389		496		541		621		643		510		627
Barely	3		3		1		1		1		--		--		1
Pulses
Gtam	6		7		( c )		( c)		0.2		0.4		1.0		0.5
Mash	4.51		3.9		3.8		4.0		3.7		4.1		3.4		2.6
Moong	0.10		--		---		---		---		--		--		---
Massar	0.86		1.5		0.6		0.2		0.2		0.5		0.7		0.7
Oil Seeds
Groundunt		---		---		---		---		---		---		---		----
Rape and Mustard		2.5		1		2		2		2		3		1		3
Seaamum		3.5		2.0		2.4		2.7		2.7		2.8		3.3		2.1
Linseed		0.3		0.4		0.2		0.1		0.3		0.2		0.2		0.4
Other crops
Surgarcane ( Gur )		93		91		119		110		102		112		122		101
Potatoes		6.5		12.5		5.7		3.9		--		---		---		3.6
Cotton ( American )		0.3		---		---		---		---		---		--		---
Cotton ( Desi )		0.59		0.28		0.19		0.11		0.14		0.20		--		--

( Statisical Abstract of Punjab , 1973-1978 and 1983-to 1988 )

(a) Denote below 50 tonnes

(b) Denote below 50 tonnes

The following are the different varieties of crops sown in the Gurdaspur District :-

Name of Crop	Varieties
Rabi
Wheat	WL-1562, sonalika PBW -120 , PBW-154 , PBW-138, PBW -34, WL-2265,HD-2329, HD-2009, 5308, PBW-65 PBW-175, HA-2285, (WL-2265, PBW-65 , PBW-175 , Rainfed Varieties)
Gram Desi	C—214 ,GL -769, C-235
Kabuli Gram	L-550
Barley	PL-56,DL-70, PL-172
Winter Maize	Partap ,Partap -1
Lentil	Massal 9-12,LL-56,LL-147
Toria	TL-15,TLC-1
Raya	RLM-198, RLM-514,RLM -619
Tara Mira	Improved Tara Mira Selection A ( ITSA )
Gabbi Sarson	Gabbi Starson Ludhiana -1
Linseed	LC_185, LC-54
Sun Flower	Rumsun Record
Kharif
Rice	IR -8, PR-10,6 PR -108, PR-103, Indiason Basmati 370,Pakistan Basmati , Permal
Maize Moong	Ageti 76, Navyot Partap Sartaj Prabhat Sathi Local
I Summer Moong	G-65, SML-32
2 Main Moong	ML-5,ML-131, ML, -267
Mash
1 Summer Mash	Mash -218
2 Main Mash	Mash-48,Mash-1, T-9
Arhar	T-21,AL-15
Cotton	G-27,ID-230,ID-327
Surgarcane
Sesamum

Co-operating Farming Societies – The umber of Co-operating farming societies in the district is given in the following tables :-

Year	Number
1972-73	87
1977-78	87
1982-83	87
1983-84	87
1984-85	87
1985-86	87
1986-87	87
1987-88	87

( Statistical Abstract of Punjab , 1973-1978-1983 to 1989)

Agricultural Machinery and Implements : - The statistics regarding the agricultural machinery and implements in use in the district are given below :

Machinery and implement

Year

1972

Year

1971

(1) Plouhgs

1 Wooden

2 Iron

81,393

72,325

40,904

98,315

(2) Sugarcane

(i)Worked by power

(ii) Worked by bullocks

15,728

1,458

21,522

(3) Tractor

2,137

3,239

(4) Carts

7,743

9,139

(Statistical Abstract of Punjab,1978 and 1985)

Chemcial Fertillzers – The use of chemical fertilizers has increased considerably in the past few years. It was 18,233 nutrient tonnes during 1972 -73 which increased to 84,587 nutrients tonnes during 1987-88. The following tables shows the consumption of chemical fertilizer in the Gurdaspur District, during 1972-78 and 1982-83 to 1987-88 :-

Year			Fertilizer used
	N	P		K	Total
1972-73	16,667	263		1,303	18,233
1977-78	24,263	4,834		2,343	31,440
1982-83	49,623	13,769		2,165	65,584
1983-84	56,285	14,270		2,713	73,268
1984-85	60,774	16,558		2,851	80,183
1985-86	62,508	18,761		2,218	83,487
1986-87	64,835	11,750		2,403	78,988
1987-88	61,515	21,051		2,021	84,587

(Source: Chief Agricultural Officer, Gurdaspur)

Livestock

Animal Husbardry :- According to livestock Census conducted on various occasion, the livestock in Gurdaspur District 1966, 1972 and 1977 was as under :

Particulars	1966 ( 00 )	1972 ( 00 )	1977 ( 000 )
Cattle	3,444	3,723	358,6
Buffaloes	2,452	3,160	385.7
Horses and Ponies	87	132	11.7
Donkey	20	20	3.0
Mules	12	26	2.7
Sheeps	260	426	25.9
Goats	287	372	34.1
Camels	2	2	0.1
Pigs	13	19	5.4
Others	---	--	---
Total	6,577	7,880	728.2
Poultry	1,662	3,028	430.7

(Statistical Abstract of Punjab , 1969, 1973 and 1986 )

Forest :- The area under contral of the forest Department under the different categories in Gurdaspur district during 1987-88 was as under :

Particulars	Area in Hectares
I Reserved Forest	123.84
II Demarcated and undemarcated protected Forest	11270.34
III Protected forest Rail Strip Road Strip Canal Strip Drain Strip	881.4375 887.6680 4378.4005 1297.2210
IV Unclassed Forest	1784.85
V Area notified under Section 38 of India Forest Act, 1927	166.33
Total	20790.0890

(Source: Divisional Forest Officer, Gurdaspur )

Forest Produce :- The income from sale of forest produce in the Gurdaspur District during 1972-73 to 1987-78 was as under :

(Rs)

Year	Major Produce	Minor Produce	Other
1972-73	3,97,096	18,370	24,972
1977-78	15,40,593	82,458	1,30,898
1982-83	38,53,669	70,575	9,09,833
1983-84	28,70,228	32,085	44,14,495
1984-85	13,78,040	42,465	9,45,395
1985-86	17,69,169	24,210	11,49,654
1986-87	21,09,970	54,628	8,24,847
1987-88	19,81,632	2,36,329	7,15,212

(Source Divisional Forest Officer , Gurdaspur)

Floods : -- Damage caused to crops and house by heavy rains and floods in Gurdaspur District during 1972-73, 1978-79 and 1982-to 1987 are as under :

Year	Number of village / towns affected	Area affected ( sq ) km	Human lives lost ( Number )	House damaged ( number )	Damaged to Crops Area affected ( hectares	Value ( Rs 000 )
1972	---	----	----	---	-----	----
1978	2	1	----	----	49	50
1982	---	----	---	----	---	---
1983	---	--	--	--	---	--
1984	---	---	--	--	--	--
1985	501	81	5	9,185	5,904	13,598
1986	191	81	4	4,713	8,062	6,800
1987	--	--	--	--	---	---

(Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 1973,1979 and 1983 to 1988 )

CHAPTER V

INDUSTRIES

In the field of Industry, Gurdaspur has not been an important district . during 1987-88, the district had 649 registered working factories. Their number under each category and workers employed thereint in the district for the year, 1987-88 is given below :

Serial No.	Name of Industry	Number of factories	Number of workers/persons employed
1	Manufacture of Food Products	114	3,079
2	Manufacture of Wool , Silk and Synthetic Fiber Textile	1	2,483
3	Manufacture of Wood and Wood Product Furniture and Fixtures	216	897
4	Manufacture of Paper and Paper Product, Printing, Publishing and Allied Industries	8	138
5	Manufacture of Chemical and Chemical Products	2	150
6	Manufacture of Rubber Plastic and Petroleum	3	59
7	Manufacture of Non-Metallic Mineral Product	8	165
8	Basic Metal and Alloy Industries	62	1,531
9	Manufacture of Metal Products and Parts except Machinery and Transport Equipment	24	353
10	Manufacture of Machinery and Machine Tools and Parts except Machinery	176	2,540
11	Manufacture of Electrical Machine Apparatus ,, Appliances Supplies and Parts	2	37
12	Manufacture of Transport Equipment and Parts	4	44
13	Electricity	24	460
14	Retail Trade in Other	1	11
15	Repair Services	4	146
	Total	649	12,393

(Source : Labour Commissioner , Punjab )

Large and Meduim Scale Industries :--- The number of layer and medium – scalee factories in the Gurdaspur was 8 during 1977-78 . which rose to 11 in 1984- 85 . The list of large and medium –scales factories with their product and number of workers as on 31 March 1988 is given below :

Serial No.	Name of Factory	Year of starting	Number of workers	Product
1	Dharam Engineering Worker Co. GT Road , Batala	1945	80	C.L Casting , and agricultural implements
2	The Batala Co-operating Suger Mill, Ltd . Batala	1963	1,188	Sugar
3	Punjab Khand Udyog Ltd , Suger Mill , Village Paniar , Gurdaspur	1980	731	Sugar
4	The State Co-operating Milk ,Producers Union ,Gurdaspur	1986	358	Milk Product
5	The British Indian Corporation Ltd . (A Govt. of Indian Company) New Engerton Woollen Mills , Dhariwal , Gurdaspur	1880	3,884	Woollen clothes , Shawls , hosiery garments , blanket , tweeds and woollen hand knitting yarns
6	Punjab Khand Udyog Ltd . Distillery, Village Paniar, Gurdaspur	1984	42	Dentured spirit
7	Partap paper Mills Ltd Village Shetpur , Tehsil Batala , Guraspur	1984	310	Paper
8	Rama Engineering Company , GT Road , Batala	1985	72	Rice bran oil and deoiled rice bran
9	Baco Engineering Company , GT Road , Batala	1933	106	Wire rods , C.I Castings, lathes. Planers and misc . components.
10	Rashtriya Engineering Works (Regd) GT Road , Batala	1953	150	C.I , Castings and agricultural implements
11	Atlas Engineering Industries Private Ltd . GT Road . Batala	1953	64	Machine tools and casting
12	Modgil Company , Kashmir Road , Batala	1984	18	Shaping machine
13	Royal Foundry , Railway Road , Batala	1958	49	Machine tools, C.L . Casting and structural fabrication

( Source : Director of Industries , Punjab )

The number of registered working factories and number of workers employed therein , in the district for year 1972, 1977 and 1983 to 1988 is given below :

Year	Number of factories	Number of workers
1972	337	7,390
1977	418	9,388
1983	676	11,664
1984	618	12,247
1985	641	12,207
1986	640	8,049
1987	618	8,410
1988	649	12,393

(Statistical Abstract of Punjab , 1973 ,1978 and 1984 to 1988 and Labour Commissioner , Punjab )

Statistics relating to power Consumption in the District : - The various source of power are wood – fuel, coal, oil and alcohol, wind, water and electricity . Among these source of power, electricity is the main source of power in the district . The details of electricity consumption in the district are as under :

Year	Domestic	Commercial	indusrial	Agricultural	Other	Total
1972-73	22.6	6.4	38.9	108.7	17.3	193.9
1982-83	42.2	10.2	85.8	193.3	47.6	379.1
1983-84	46.7	10.2	67.0	190.0	77.9	391.8
1984-85	47.1	8.7	75.2	202.9	70.3	404.2
1985-86	54.6	11.0	94.2	238.9	84.9	483.6
1986-87	60.3	11.7	96.4	319.4	32.3	520.1
1987-88	61.7	12.0	101.1	372.4	34.0	581.1

(Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 1978 and 1983 to 1988 )

State Aid to Industries --- The following tables shows the amount of financial assistance given under the Punjab state Aid to industries Act , 1935, for the development of industries I the district :

	Loans				Grant –in –aid and subsidy
Year		No. of unites	Amount ( 000 Rs )	No. of units		Amount ( ‘ 000 )
1972-73		33	201	15		15
1977-78		68	400	19		23
1982-83		---	----	5		812
1983-84		--	--	31		2,792
1984-85		--	---	38		2,680
1985-86		--	--	75		1,856
1986-87		--	---	50		3,456
1987-88		---	---	35		2,070

(Statistical Abstract of Punjab,1973, 1978 and 1983 to 1988 )

Statistics of Trand Unions – The statistics regarding the union registered under the table Union Act, 1926 ,functioning in the field of industries in the Gurdaspur District, as on 31 March 1988 are given in the following statement : -

Serial No.	Name of Union	Date of Registration
1	Galeshiar factory Workers ‘ Union Pathankot	7 December 1955
2	New Egerton Woollen Mill, Gorkha Gurad Union , Dhariwal	1 June 1957
3	Atta Chakki General Labour Union , Pathankot	16 December
4	Co-operative Sugar Mill, Mazdoor Union , Batala	3 January 1964
5	Chini Mill Worker Union , Batala	25 April 1967
6	District Engineering Worker ‘ Union , Batala	25 April 1967
7	Dhariwal Mill Mazdoor Union , Dhariwal	13 September1967
8	Karkhana Industrial Worker ‘ Union Pathankot	21 Septmber 1970
9	General Factory Worker ‘ Union, Pathankot	25 November 1971
10	District Metal Karkhana Worker ; Union , ( Sudha Engineering Worker ‘ Union	14 January 1975
11	Khand Mazdoor Dal , Batala	25 August 1975
12	Regional Industries Association , Batala	22 July 1979
13	Watch and Ward Staff Union , Sugar Mill ,Batala	10 June 1961
14	Bhatha Labour Union , Gurdaspur	11 September 1981
15	Punjab Khand Udyog Mazdoor Union , Paniar , district Gurdaspur	15 June 1982
16	Beco Employees ‘ Union , Batala	31 March 1983
17	Punjab Khand Udyog Workers ‘ Union , Paniar , district Gurdaspur	11 June 1983
18	The Batala Co-operative Sugar Mill Karamchari Union , Batala	11 October 1963
19	Press Workers ‘ Union , Pathankot	23 October 1963
20	Conduct Pipe and Rubber Mazdoor Sangh Dinanagar	14 January 1987
21	Textile Mazdoor Union , Dhariwal	22 September 1987
22	N.Z , Oil and Gas Workers ‘ Union , Mazdoor , Pathankot	12 March 1988
23	Sugar Mill Mazdoor Union, Gurdaspur	24 March 1988

(Source : Labour Commissioner , Punjab )

CHAPTER VI

BANKING , TRADE AND COMMERCE

Towns and Village having bank Offices

The Government takes healthy steps to encourage the agriculturists and industriasts by providing credit facilites through banks ,On account of it, number of banks is increasing and all towns and important village in the district enjoy banking, facilities . The town and some large village have more than one bank branch .

Commercial and Nationalised Banks

Banking has played a very important role in the economic development all over the world . there is no commercial bank registered in the gurdaspur District . The district had only 47 commercial bank branches during 1971-72 which rose to 163 as on 31 March 1988.

The different leading joint stock banks with their branches in the district as on 31 March 1988 are given below;

Name of the Bank	Branches
1 Punjab National Bank	1 Gurdaspur
	2 Chak Sharif
	3 New Shalle
	4 Dehriwal
	5 Bakshiwal
	6 Dinanagar
	7 Bahrampur
	8 Dear Baba Nanak
	9 Shahpur Jajan
	10 Fatehgarh Churian
	11 Alwal
	12 Hardural
	13 Dhlanpur
	14 Sri Hargobindpur
	15 Bharath
	16 Qudian
	17 Batala
	18 Batala ( GT Road )
	19 Batala ( Simble Dhowk )
	20 Batala ( Industries Area East )
	21 Gurdaspur
	22 Ghasitpur
	23 Wadala Granthian
	24 Pathankot ( Railway Road
	25 Pathankot (Dhangu Road
	26 Pathankot
	27 Bhoa
	28 Iklampur
	29 Jangal Bhawani
	30 Bamial
	31 Narot Jaimal Singh
	32 Dhariwal
	33 Shahpur
	34 Hariwal
2 Punjab And Sind Bank	1 Gurdaspur
	2 Bariar
	3 Sidhnwan
	4 Kahnuwan
	5 Rudiana
	6 Wadala Banger
	7 Dinanagar
	8 Kotli Surat Malhi
	9 Kala Afgana
	10 Naser- Ke – Sarchu
	11 Harchowal
	12 Qudian
	13 Udhanwal
	14 Veela Baju
	15 Kand Shaib
	16 Gokhuwal
	17 Batala
	18 Bhagowal
	19 Umerpura
	20 Pathankot
	21 Kathlour
	22 Sahora Kalan
	23 Punj Garaian
	24 Naushera
	25 Dhariwal
3 State Bank of India	1 Gurdaspur
	2 Tailbpur
	3 Tibri
	4 Bhattian
	5 Dinanagar
	6 Sikar Machine
	7 Qudian
	8 Batala
	9 Pathankot ( Dhangu Road )
	10 Pathankot ( Dalhousie Road )
	11 Pathankot ( Air Force )
	12 Pathankot ( Nalwa Bridge )
	13 Gharota
	14 Nangal Bhur
	15 Madhopur
	16 Jharoil
	17 Dhariwal
	18 Dunera
	19 jugial
	20 Bhungal
	21 Sajanpur
	22 Dhar Kalan
4 State Bank of Patiala	1 Gurdaspur
	2 Paniar
	3 Batala
	4 Pathankot ( Main)
	5 Pathankot ( Chakki Bank )
	6 Pathankot ( Shahpur Chowk )
	7 Narot Jaimal Singh
	8 Bangowani Kunjer
	9 Uprala Thara
5 Allahabad Bank	1 Ghuman
	2 Batala
	3 Sagarpura
	4 Pathankot
6 Canara Bank	1 Gurdaspur
	2 Tibber
	3 Marrrara
	4 Batala
	5 Pathankot
	6 Taragarh
7 Central Bank of Indiia	1 Gurdaspur
	2 Kalanaur
	3 Awankha
	4 Batala
	5 Pathankot
	6 Sujanpur
8 New Bank of India	1 Gurdaspur
	2 Dorangle
	3 Pandori Bainsa
	4 Mari Buchian
	5 Batala
	6 Mamoon
	7 Pathankot
	8 Dhariwal
9 Orienta Bank of Commerce	1 Bharath Kazi Chak
	2 Shahzada
	3 Batala ( Sukerpura Road
	4 Batala (Main )
	5 Fatehgrah Churian
	6 Dyalgrah
	7 Bhullar
	8 Pathankot
10 Bank of India	1 Gurdaspur
	2 Pathankot
	3 Sarna
11 Bank of Baroda	1 Gurdaspur
	2 Batala
	3 Pathankot
12 India Overseas Bank	1 Pathankot
13 Union Bank o f India	1 Shahpur Goraya
	2 Batala
	3 Pathankot
	4 Zaffaewal
	5 Bhumbli
	6 Kot Santokh Rai
14 U.C.O Bank	1 Bhaini Mian Khan
	2 Batala
	3 Pathankot
15 Dena Bank	1 Gurdaspur
	2 Pathankot
16 J and K Bank	1 Batala
	2 Pathankot
17 Traders Bank	1 Batala
18 Regional Rural Bank	1 Maghar Mudian
	2 Gurdaspur
	3 Warsola
	4 Purana Shalla
	5 Bhandal
	6 Hardo Chhani
	7 Gahlri
	8 Dalen
	9 Choney
	10 Harpura
	11 Amo Nanagal
	12 Jatio Sarja
	13 Kanwan
	14 Naushera Nal Banda
	15 Mirthal
	16 Sathoha
	17 Phangota
	18 Bhanguri
	19 Karoli
	20 Ferozepur

( Source : Lead Bank Officer, Punjab National Bank , Gurdaspur )

Deposits and Advances .-- The total deposits and Advance Cerdits of scheduled commercial banks in Gurdaspur District during 1973, 1978and 1983 to 1988 is given in the following table : --

Year	Deposits ( Rs in lakhs )	Advances Cerdits (Rs in lakhs )
1973	2,388	539
1978	5,928	1,699
1983	15,085	6,183
1984	18,755	8,529
1985	21,686	11,904
1986	26,355	11,730
1987	32,371	11,558
1988	38,249	13,305

( Source : Reserve Bank of India, Bombay )

Note – Data from 1973 to 1986 are based on basic statistical return and for 1987 and 1988 based on quarterly return on aggregated deposits and gross bank credit .

Money-Lenders :- Despite the opening of large number fo bank branches in the rural areas of the district, the money – lenders ( registered or unregistered ) still hold an important position . With the expension of banking facilities and co-operative movement , the malpractices of money –lenders have considerably reduced , but these have not been eliminated . These money –lenders adopt several method of Advancing loans such as on personal surety , against land, property, ornaments etc. They generally advance loans for consumption purpose .The number of registered money –lenders in the district, as on 31 March 1988 was only 3.

Insurance :- with the nationalization of life insurance business in 1956, the Life Insurance Corporation of India has become the sole agency for life insurance . The Life Insurance Corporation of India entered the field generally insurance in 1946. Subsequently in 1973 , generally insurance business was separated from life Insurance . Corporation of India and Generally Insurance Corporation was formed . The Corporation function in the district through its four subsidiary companies, viz. the Oriental Fire and General Insurance Company Limited, the new India Assurance Company Limited . the National Company Limited and General Insurance Company Limited. Three branches of life Insurance Corporation of India have been functioning in the

Gurdaspur District . The number of Development Officer and Agents in these branches of life Insurance Corporation as no 31 March 1989 are given below :

Name of Branch	Year opening	Number of Development Officers	Number of Agents
Batala	21-3-69	12	223
Gurdaspur	1-9-56	12	234
Pathankot	30-3-60	11	183

(Statistical Year Book (Trend Analysis) 1988 -89 and Life Insurance Coporation of India , Jalandhar Division )

The following statement shows the performance of Life Insurance Corporation of India in the Gurdaspur District during 1984-86 to 1988-89 : --

Year	Number of policies	Amount assured ( Rs)
1985-86	5,472	54,72,000
1986-87	7,187	71,87,000
1987-88	11,371	1,13,71,000
1988-89	13,843	1,38,43,000

Growth of co-operative Societies in the district

In the past, the usual source of short-term finance of the farmers was the money –lenders who charged exorbitant rate of interest and also cheated the ignorant and illiterate cultivators, by using many malpractices . To remove these malpractices and to provide credit at reasonable rate of interest, the co-operative movement was launched in the country with the passage of Co-operative Cerdit Societies Act, in 1904 . Since then , the progress made by these societies in the district is impressive . During 1987-88 , there were 242 Co-operative Agriculture Societies in the district . These societies provide credit for fertilizer ,improved seeds, ,agriculture implements etc. The non- agriculture credit societies are catering to the credit requirement s of person outside agriculture .

The details regarding the working of the agriculture and non- agriculture co-operative societies functioning in the district during 1972-73 , 1977-78, 1982 -83 are given in the following table : --

Year	No. of operative societies	Membership ( number )	Share capital	Loans advanced	Deposits
1	2	3	4	5	6
Co-operative Agricultural Cerdit Societies
1972-73	1067	1,35,632	221,15	1419.18	36.03
1977-78	1067	1,49,518	230.45	1442.19	37.12
1982-83	242	1,55,939	238.16	1498.56	39.65
1983-84	242	1,62, 446	244.39	1428.26	41.18
1984-85	242	1,62,446	257.19	1891.30	39.68
1985-86	242	1,66,693	263.17	877.57	42.42
1986-87	242	1,70,715	271.29	1101.01	43.93
1987-88	242	1,71,099	280.35	1642.38	51.66
Co-operative Non- Agricultural Cerdit Societies
1972-73	138	7,814	8.41	27.42	28.29
1977-78	141	8,216	9.16	29.18	30.24
1982-83	148	8,916	10.92	31.20	31.74
1983-84	148	9,768	14.96	48.46	51.91
1984-85	148	10,859	25.72	112.55	125.60
1985-86	148	11,814	26.42	240.55	181.14
1986-87	148	13,027	28.48	95.54	234.51
1987-88	148	13,969	30.30	98.55	236.57

( Source : Deputy Registrar , Co-operative Societies , Gurdaspur )

Co-operative Marketing Societies :- Keeping in view the malpractices suffered by the cultivators in the marketing of agricultural produce , the need of co-operative marketing was felt by the Government. The District Wholesale Co-operative Marketing and Supply Society was registered at Gurdaspur on 30 September 1953 . Besides, nine co- operative marketing societies are functioning at various places in the district . The societies act as a check against the under – weighting unauthorised deductions and delayed payments by the Arhtias . The cultivators can also store their produce in the godowns of these societies if they don’t want dispose it immedialty Societies in the district during 1972-73 , 1977-78 , 1982-83 to 1987-88 is given in the following tables :

Co- operative year ending June	No.of societies	Member ship Individual Societies Total			Held up share Captial ( Rs in lakhs)	Working capital ( Rs in lakhs )	Value of goods marketed ( Rs in lakhs )
1972-73	9	5,431	1,205	6,636	14.28	196.00	490.08
1977-78	9	5,431	1,205	6,636	14.28	360.36	556.62
1982-83	9	5,431	505	5,936	14.49	273.06	118.30
1983-84	9	5,431	505	5,963	14.61	290.63	103.20
1984-85	9	5,431	505	5,936	14.52	313.89	11.28
1985-86	9	5,431	505	5,936	15.98	303.06	10.38
1986-87	9	5,431	505	5,936	14.52	341.10	4.10
1987-88	9	5,431	505	5,936	14.57	310.31	3.02

(Source : Deputy Registrar , Co-operative Societies , Gurdaspur )

Small Saving :- The gross and net achievement under the small saving in the district are given below;-

Year	Gross Achievement	Net achievements
1972-73	305.31	31.31
1977-78	587.69	79.84
1982-83	1,167.86	354.05
1983-84	1,433.73	568.58
1984-85	1,799.03	929.56
1985-86	2,090.87	1.110.48
1986-87	2,823.88	1,629.74
1987-88	3,120.71	1.569.05

( Source : Deputy Commissioner, Gurdaspur )

Regulated Markets: - To regulate the activities of marketing the agricultural produce, the State Agriculture Marketing Board has been set up by the Punjab Government . The activities of Agricultural markets are regulated by the Board under the Punjab Agricultural Produce Market Act, 1961, Which Provides for regulation of markets and formation of market committees. These regulated of market play an important role in the sale of agricultural produce and protect the cultivators from various malpractices of the traders . As on 31 March 1988 , of there were 12 regulated markets functioning in the district . The arrival of important agricultural Commodities in these market is given in the following table --

Total Arrival of Agricultural Produce ( In Quintals ) In various Market Committees of Gurdaspur District

Serial No.	Name of Market Committee and year	Wheat	Gram	Barley	Maize	Padd	Jawar	Bajra	Gur	Potatoes	Groundnut	Cottan American	Cottan Desi
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
1	Batala
	1972-73	10,47,196	371	1,217	4,287	4,40,544	-	-	1,567	14,176	-	-	-
	1977-78	3,87,045	153	1,309	952	11,50,906	-	-	5,809	17,059	-	-	-
	1982-83	---	---	40	17	---	-	-	8,008	1,546	-	-	-
	1983-84	3,50,672	----	6	9	12,76,166	-	-	13,925	26,792	-	-	-
	1984-85	5,54,055	----	29	239	14,37,157	-	-	935	19,702	-	-	-
	1985-86	7,65,521	---	2	----	14,35,645	-	-	171	8,196	-	-	-
	1986-87	7,91,541	5	--	160	14, 35,645	-	-	---	9,703	-	-	-
	1987-88	3,69,009	---	--	35	14,38,427	-	-	115	10,726	-	-	-
2	Dera Baba Nanak
	1972-73	---	--	---	---	--	-	-	---	--
	1977-78	1,12,470	--	---	---	1,33,073	-	-	---	214	---	06	---
	1982-83	--	---	--	--	---	-	-	---	250	--	--	--
	1983-84	1,27,576	---	--	--	5,52,686	781	9	4	300	--	---	--
	1984-85	2,01,068	--	--	--	3,94,132	---	--	---	293	---	---	---
	1985-86	2,97,182	--	--	--	3,73,204	---	---	--	153	--	--	--
	1986-87	3,50,729	--	--	--	3,80,054	--	--	--	143	--	--	--
	1987-88	66,491	---	--	--	2,08,075	--	--	--	243	--	----	---
3	Dhariwal
	1972-73	3,52,739	262	35	276	2,05,490	74	5	--	920	--	--	-
	1977-78	23,678	32	---	--	4,00,944	--	--	82	337	350	--	--
	1982-83	--	--	--	---	---	---	--	26	628	--	---	--
	1983-84	3,44,109	72	---	---	2,92,171	--	---	--	430	--	--	--
	1984-85	3,64,033	27	--	---	4,70,880	--	--	--	211	--	-	--
	1985-86	5,00,941	35	---	---	3,76,284	--	---	--	511	---	-	--
	1986-87	3,77,391	33	--	--	2,67,373	---	--	---	201	---	--	--
	1987-88	51,123	49	--	--	3,17,386	--	--	--	387	--	-	--
4	Dinanagar
	1972-73	1,30,352	1,354	2,740	3,034	1,43,992	196	15	161	3,052	635	--	---
	1977-78	70,333-	245	830	278	2,24,328	294	54	40	2,352	--	---	--
	1982-83	--	---	21	2	--	--	--	--	1,627	--	---	---
	1983-84	59,990	---	13	--	1,70,134	--	---	40	1,420	--	---	---
	1984-85	60,653	--	--	--	2,,89,810	--	--	--	3,019	--	---	--
	1985-86	1,15,102	--	--	--	2,38,3573,	--	--	--	3,077	--	--	--
	1986-87	1,44,571	---	--	---	1,72,730	44	--	--	3,180	8	--	--
	1987-88	16,630	--	--	--	1,61,128	27	--	--	4,075	276	--	--
5	Fatehgarh Churian
	1972-73	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	---	--	--	--
	1977-78	1,34,899	--	--	--	2,52,501	--	---	1,746	139	--	--	--
	1982-83	--	--	---	--	--	---	--	35	247	--	--	--
	1983-84	1,95,480	---	--	--	1,30,569	---	--	124	14	--	--	--
	1984-85	2,13,631	--	----	--	3,46,010	---	--	100	207	--	--	--
	1985-86	3,04,114	---	--	--	3,49,830	---	---	103	230	--	--	--
	1986-87	3,56,459	---	---	--	2,33,958	--	--	44	142	--	--	--
	1987-88	84,546	--	--	---	1,68,385	2	--	117	367	--	--	--
6	Gurdaspur
	1972-73	34,821	70	1,234	961	3,56,388	--	--	569	4,938	--	--	--
	1977-78	2,50,535	382	290	233	5,77,149	69	23	1,018	3,854	1,251	--	--
	1982-83	--	15	6	136	--	57	214	587	4,364	136	--	--
	1983-84	2,67,025	241	3	190	4,81,317	282	23	367	4,684	--	--	--
	1984-85	2,73,627	3	--	537	6,20,160	6	--	177	4,711	152	---	---
	1985-86	3,97,977	7	--	863	6,11,442	728	--	101	3,872	74	--	--
	1986-87	4,18,142	238	2	76	5,80,428	227	54	151	3,365	--	---	--
	1987-88	1,77,248	169	--	27	3,87,043	407	52	133	4,324	--	---	--
7	Narot Jaimal Singh
	1972-73	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	-	--	--
	1977-78	---	---	---	--	---	--	---	--	--	--	--	--
	1982-83	---	---	16	101	---	---	--	--	--	-	--	-
	1983-84	32,019	---	--	---	22,834	--	---	17	--	--	--	--
	1984-85	41,000	---	---	--	51,000	---	--	--	--	--	--	--
	1985-86	44,000	--	---	---	60,000	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
	1986-87	23,324	--	---	---	44.708	---	--	--	--	--	---	--
	1987-88	---	---	--	---	30,310	---	--	--	--	--	--	--
8	Pathankot
	1972-73	62,738	18,354	2,345	10,343	44,472	496	3,786	30,453	60,503	5,798	--	312
	1977-78	20,195	5,802	1,799	8,126	69,499	307	--	4,288	46,086	3,382	---	--
	1982-83	--	-	517	1,502	--	264	---	200	26,767	---	--	--
	1983-84	11,385	266	461	2,144	31,442	341	47	165	31,602	10	--	--
	1984-85	9,111	393	66	1,388	66,285	595	226	211	44,371	130	--	--
	1985-86	28,618	207	119	981	84,790	461	126	62	40,174	--	--	--
	1986-87	30,781	270	302	740	1,17,134	300	53	70	35,589	-	--	--
	1987-88	69,284	381	221	1,875	82,100	214	50	60	23,741	--	--	--
9	Qudian
	1972-73	2,34,943	71	406	1,119	1,25,196	--	--	785	588	--	--	--
	1977-78	1,86,789	93	634	438	2,83,543	--	--	2,957	2,99	--	--	--
	1982-83	---	--	--	7	--	--	--	254	5,937	--	--	--
	1983-84	2,53,535	2	--	31	1,43,468	--	--	702	994	--	--	--
	1984-85	2,77,451-	--	--	5	4,63,846	--	--	54	4,112	----	----	--
	1985-86	3,64,611	--	--	--	4,33,889	--	--	142	4,416	--	--	--
	1986-87	3,83,724	--	--	33	3,39,985	--	--	2,486	1,114	--	--	--
	1987-88	80,874	--	--	8	3,21,374	--	--	728	2,079	--	--	--
10	Sri Hargobin pur
	1972-73	--	--	-	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
	1977-78	2,06,363	--	-	--	2,91,655	--	--	---	--	--	--	--
	1982-83	--	--	--	--	--	--	---	--	--	--	--	--
	1983-84	3,58,261	--	--	--	3,27,751	---	---	--	--	--	--	--
	1984-85	3,49,529	--	--	--	4,87,016	---	--	---	--	--	--	--
	1985-86	4,74,327	--	--	--	4,89,176	---	--	--	--	--	--	--
	1986-87	1,48,575	--	--	--	1,86,603	---	---	-	--	--	--	--
	1987-88	1,42,739	--	--	--	1,45,524	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
11	Kahunwan
	1972-73	--	-	--	--	--	--	--	---	--	--	--	--
	1977-78	--	-	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
	1982-83	--	--	---	--	-	--	--	---	--	--	-	--
	1983-84	--	--	--	--	-	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
	1984-85	--	---	---	--	--	--	---	---	--	--	--	--
	1985-86	--	-	-	--	---	--	--	---	--	---	--	--
	1986-87	---	--	--	--	2,34,978	--	--	--	--	--	-	--
	1987-88	37,277	--	--	--	2,01,450	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

12	Kalanaur
	1972-73	--	--	--	---	--	---	--	--	--	--	-	-- 0
	1977-78	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	-	-	--
	1982-83	--	--	--	--	--	---	--	--	--	--	--	--
	1983-84	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
	1984-85	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
	1985-86	--	--	-	--	---	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
	1986-87	1,56,916	---	--	--	1,26,603	--	--	--	--	--	--	---
	1987-88	34,501	--	--	--	1,45,424	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

( Sources : Secretary , Punjab State Agricultural Marketing Board , Chandigarh )

Range in mm	No. of year
401-500	1
501-600	1
601-700	6
701-800	12
801-900	9
901-1000	13
1001-1100	10
1101-1200	8
1201-1300	4
1301-1400	4
1401-1500	3
1501-1600	4
1601-1700	5

			HigherMaximum ever recroded				Lowest Minimum ever recorded		Relative Humidity Hours
Month	MaenDaily Maximum Temperature 'C	Mean Daily Minimum Temperature 'C	'C	Date		'C	Date		0830	1730
January	18.4	5.6	26.1	1952 January	23	0.0	1956 January	21	84	61
February	22.2	8.4	29.4	1956 February	28	3.3	1959 February	6	74	46
March	27.1	13.5	35.2	1958 March	28	6.1	1954 March	5	56	40
April	33.5	17.9	41.7	1958 April	27	7.2	1955 April	17	34	24
May	39.0	23.2	44.4	1952 May	28	12.2	1955 May	12	25	19
June	40.2	26.1	46.1	1960 June	11	18.3	1957 June	4	35	28
July	34.1	25.0	43.4	1957 July	5	17.2	1955 July	20	75	61
August	32.5	24.0	36.2	1957 August	24	18.9	1952 August	28	82	70
September	32.8	22.4	36.7	1952 September	12	15.6	1953 September	17	74	63
October	30.8	16.9	36.7	1952 October	2	10.6	1955 October	4	60	52
November	25.9	9.8	32.2	1952 November	1	5.6	1955 November	8	60	49
December	21.1	6.9	27.2	1959 December	5	1.1	1955 December	24	75	58
Annual	29.8	16.6							61	48
Hours I.S.T. (Sou rce: Additional Direc tor General of Meteorology (Research) Pune)

National Highways				Provincial Highways
Year	Black Top	Water Bound Macadam roads shall ultimately be finished as black top roads	Total	Black Top	Water Bound Macadam roads shall ultimately be finished as black top roads	Total	Grand Total
1972-73	98	--	98	1,233	58	58	1,389
1977-78	98	--	98	2,166	274	2,440	2,538
1982-83	98	--	98	2,762	41	2,803	2,901
1983-84	98	--	98	2,762	60	2,822	2,920
1984-85	98	--	98	2,797	55	2,852	2,950
1985-86	98	--	98	2,855	30	2,885	2,983
1986-87	98	--	98	2,907	--	2,907	3,005
1987-88	98	---	98	2,934	3	2,937	3,035

Year	Cars	Jeeps	Trucks	Taxis	Tractors	Buses	Two Wheelers Motor Cycle	There Wheelers Auto –rickshaws	Miscellaneous
1972-73	81	50	239	2	172	128	421	19	--
1977-78	76	65	281	3