PUNJAB DISTRICT GAZETTEERS

Table 3

Normal and Extremes of Rainfall in the Gurdaspur District

Station

No.of Yeat of Date

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Annual

Higest Annual reinfall as / of normal and year**

Lowest annual rainfull as / of normal and year **

Heaviest rainfall in 24 hours*

Amount

(mm)

Date

Batala

(a)

(b)

38.6

2.5

31.3

2.4

34.9

2.6

14.8

1.4

12.1

1.3

44.6

2.7

210.7

8.2

200.5

8.1

96.9

3.3

23.2

0.7

4.7

0.4

17.3

1.2

729.5

34.8

209

(1976)

(1965)

474.5

1955 October 5

Tidri

72(a)

(b)

53.9

3.0

43.0

2.9

48.8

2.9

22.9

1.6

16.3

1.5

55.6

3.1

286.7

9.9

260.1

9.7

117.4

4.0

27.3

0.9

6.5

0.5

24.2

1.5

962.7

41.5

228

(1950)

(1918)

385.6

1950

September 4

Pathankot

67 (a)

65.1

62.6

50.9

25.1

18.5

56.8

351.9

358.6

152.4

28.5

5.9

29.2

1205.5

163

249.1

1894

(b)

3.8

3.6

3.3

2.1

1.6

3.8

12.5

13.1

5.4

1.3

0.5

1.9

52.9

(1917)

(1902)

June 19

Malikpur

23 (a)

(b_

100.2

4.7

71.3

3.8

78.8

4.3

36.1

2.8

28.1

2.0

71.3

3.5

444.9

12.8

436.1

12.7

210.0

6.7

57.5

2,2

14.3

0.9

41.4

1.9

1590.0

58.3

184

(1967)

(1952)

298.4

1963

August 20

Pathankot Aero .obsy

23(a)

(b)

54.0

3.3

51.8

3.4

55.9

3.7

19.3

2.0

22.5

1.8

84.5

4.6

425.1

12.8

395.3

12.7

140.0

6.4

15.1

1.0

13.7

1.1

89.0

2.1

1316.2

54.9

148

(1959)

(1902)

355.0

1980

July 14

Aliwal

63(a)

(b)

40.7

2.9

32.6

2.7

36.2

2.8

16.1

1.7

12.5

1.2

41.1

3.0

223.5

8.7

213.2

8.3

100.6

3.5

25.7

0.8

6.4

0.5

21.1

1.5

769.7

37.6

211

(1961)

(1918)

495.3

1955

October 5

Gurdaspur

73(a)

(b)

49.3

3.1

42.7

3.1

44.5

3.1

20.0

1.7

16.1

1.5

59.8

3.3

269.4

10.3

256.5

9.9

116.2

4.3

26.4

1.0

5.3

0.6

22.8

1.6

929.0

43.5

167

(1955)

(1902)

370.3

1955

October 5

Madhopur

71(a)

(b)

73.4

4.2

67.1

3.8

57.6

3.8

28.7

2.5

22.8

2.0

57.7

3.8

388.0

13.4

420.2

14.3

156.1

5.8

27.2

1.3

8.5

0.7

37.4

2.1

1344.7

57.7

165

(1917)

(1902)

351.0

1955 October 5

Gurdaspur

(a)

(b)

59.4

3.4

50.3

3.2

50.9

3.3

22.9

2.0

18.6

1.6

58.9

3.5

325.0

11.1

317.0

11.1

136.2

4.9

28.9

1.1

8.2

0.7

29.1

1.7

1106.0

47.6

153

(1955)

(Source :-Additional Director General Mateorology (Research ), Pune

Table 4

Monthly Average Rainfall in Gurdaspur District During 1972,1977and 1982 to 1987 (in centimeters )

Year	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December	Total
1972	5.29	8.35	3.62	1.34	0.00	2.10	24.48	20.67	2.75	0.42	1.36	1.12	71.60
1977	9.52	___	0.05	5.78	4.48	8.88	44.01	35.44	6.04	0.52	0.10	6.27	121.09
1982	5.20	5.00	4.60	2.30	1.80	5.50	27.10	26.80	11.70	1.30	0.60	2.70	94.60
1983	9.74	8.67	7.60	20.68	5.66	3.99	16.60	18.67	11.86	1.21	___	0.12	104.80
1984	0.98	7.55	4.44	1.20	0.55	8.32	31.06	29.50	13.50	0.45	____	2.46	100.01
1985	1.77	0.36	0.23	2.40	0.95	3.16	32.46	32.16	6.21	14.32	0.02	6.68	100.72
1986	51.9	49.7	45.6	22.9	17.5	55.0	271.2	267.9	117.3	13.1	5.5	26.6	944.2
1987	29.8	75.1	39.7	32.0	113.1	26.4	92.4	154.1	60.5	53.8	___	4.4	681.8

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1973, 1978 and 1983 to 1988)

(4) Atmostpheric Pressure and Winds

Cloudiness :- the skies are partly to heavily clouded and occassionally over-cast during the south–west monsoon season and for brief spells of two or three days in the cold season in association with passing western disturbances. During the rest of the year ,the skies are generally clear or light clouded.

Winds :- Winds are generally light with some strengthening in force in summer and the early part of the monsoon season . In the post monsoon and cold season ,winds are light and variable in direction in the morings and mostly from west or north –west in the afternoon. Winds are mainly from direction between north –west and north –east in the mornings and between west and north –east in the afternoons in April and may By June easterlies and south – easterlies begins to blow and in the south –west monsoon season, which are commonly from direction between north –east and south-east.

Special Weather Phenomena :- Western distrurbances affect the weather over the district during during the cold season causing wide – spread rain and gusty winds. Thunder storms occur in the summer and monsoon season. Dust storms occur in the latter part of the summer season. Occasional fogs occur in the cold season, their frequency being more in the hills and valleys in the northern part of the district.

Table 5and 6 gives the mean wind speed and special weather phenomena for Pathankot :

Table 5

Mean Wind Speed in km/hr

(PATHANKOT)

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Annual

5.7

6.4

8.8

9.9

11.8

10.9

9.0

6.8

6.9

5.7

6.1

5.1

7.8

(Source : Additional Director General of Meterology (Research), Pune)

Table 6

Special Weather Phenomena

( Pathankot)

Mean No of Days	Jaunary	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December	Annual
Thunder	1.3	0.7	2	3	3	3	5	5	3	0.7	0.3	1.0	28
Hali	0.1	0.1	0	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.5
Dust Storm	0.1	0.1	0.8	0.7	3	3	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	8
Squall	0.0	0.0	0.4	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.9
Fog	0.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.6

CHAPTER II

HISTORY

(a) Ancient period

The whole of Punjab imcluding the area of Gurdaspur District was of the Indus Valley Civilization. It is worthwise to mention here that Harappa and Mohenjodaro are the sites where remain of the Indus Valley Civilization have been found extensively. Harappa is situated in the Montgomery District of Pakistan. It was larger than Mohenjodaro possible metropolis of great people. Mohenjodaro which means in Sindhi ‘The Place of the deal ' is situated about 40 km south of Larkana District in middle Sindh (Pakistan). it lies more than 600 km south –west of Harappa. Traces of the selfsame people as at Harappa and mohenjodaro have been detected in Gurdaspur District at the following places:-

Serial No	Name of the Village	Name of the Tehsil
1	Jakria	Gurdaspur
2	Gurdas Nangal	Do
3	Guria	Do
4	Jaura Chhitran	Do
5	Kahuwan	Do
6	Kalanour	Do
7	Balaggan	Do
8	Godder	Do
9	Bhakhariwal	Do
10	Machhrala	Do
11	Lohgarh	Do
12	Shahpur	Do
13	Chhin Bhatti	Do
14	Chuhar Chak	Do
15	Paniar	Do
16	Niwan Dhakala	Do
17	Dadwan	Do
18	Haripur	Do
19	Kandiala	Batala
20	Bijliwal	Do
21	Dala Chak	Do
22	Dera Baba Nanak	Do
23	Hardo Rawal	Do
24	Wadala Granthia	Do
25	Veroke	Do
26	Bhagtana Boharwala	Do
27	Mari Panuwan	Do
28	Male wal	Do
29	Machhrai	Do
30	Loharanwali	Do
31	Rahimabad	Do
32	Rampur	Do
33	Bhiwani	Do

¹B.B. Lal S.P Gupta , Frontiers of the Indus Civilization, pp 521 – 526 and Madhubala, Prachin Punjab Di Sanskriti (Delhi, 1990), p. 103

From the above evidence, it has been established now that whole of Gurdaspur District was a part of the vast area covered under Indus valley Civilization during the early period of history. This civilization developed prior to the Aryan Civilization in this region .even in ancient times, trade was o primary factor in the urban development of societies. the Indus valley Civilization also flourished with the growth of trade by overland and sea-routes .It has been proved by the discovery of various seals from the ancient sites.

The Indus valley Civilization of which Gurdaspur district was a part, constitutes indeed the oldest example yet known of systematic town planning. Board streets from south to north were crossed by other at right angles, and the block thus formed were subdivided by lanes parallel or at right angles to the arterial street. The house of these people were of appreciable size with adequate arrangement of sanitation.

The people of the Indus valley Civilization had built grand cities and highly developed culture life. Cotton and woolen fabrics were in common use, ornaments were worn by both men and women, beautiful pottery was produced and the sculptor’s technique was well developed. The carpenter, the mason ,the blacksmith, the goldsmith, the jeweler, the stone cutter and the ivory workers had a flourishing trade. A large number of terra-cotas represent cattle normally humped bulls although the short horn and the buffalos also occur.Strangely . cows are never represented. A large number of seals and tables found from various sites, have introduced example of tbe pictographic script which still constitutes one of the major mysteries of the Indus Civilization. It has not as yet been deciphered.

The people of the Indus Valley Civilization followed some organized reglion. Religion association of bathing or purificatory importance of the water is to be traced to the people of moh njodaro and Harappa as can be inferred from the discovery of the great bath. The tradition of the scared tree,piple goes back to them .In historic Buddhism ,it come to be venerated as the holy Bodhi tree. The beginning of making images of scared character may also be traced to Indus Civilization; numerous image of of female figurines, obviously of religion nature have been found in the Indus ruins. Many example of ling and yoni have been found in the Indus antiquities. Some animal such as the lion, elephant, bull and rhinoceros, seem to have had religion or symbolic significance among the citizen of Mohenjordaro and Harappa . The bull is frequently and realistically portrayed on seal . It has been established that the people of Indus Valley Civilization used to worship the Mother Goddess and Pashupati (Shiva).

From the excavation and exploration of the sites of Indus Valley people, it is apparent that these people had achieved a remarkable degree of proficiency in sanitation and town planning . These ancient people had the amenities of a developed city life.

The rock-temple at Mukeshwar on the Ravi about eight Kilometers above shahpur kandi are fine specimens of antiquities. These are said to date back to the times of pandavas. Stories are told of Arjun ‘s and Draurpadi visit to the place ; a long cleft in the rock a little way up the river is known

‘ Arjun’ s Chula ‘ Alexander Cunningham indentified that the tribe called Udumbras had also its habitation on the River Ravi in Gurdaspur District .

Gurdaspur, along with is neighbouring District, was the scene of the exploits of Alexander, who had come as far as the river beas in his grand design of word conquenst. Alexander was engaged in grim struggle with the Kathaians at Sangala ,which is located near Fatehgarh in the Gurdaspur District. King Poros arrived with his army and elephants and tited the scales of Alexander’s favour.

The last camp of Alexander before he commenced his return march is supposed to have been on the bank of the river Beas, Probably in this district. But all trace of the twelve enormous alter of hewn stone, which he is supposed to have left on the spot, have unfort untately been irretrievably lost.

The authority of Alexander retreated with him every where shadow. As the semblance of Alexander’s influence was fading and flagging away .the vast mass of displaced mercenaries, decrepit armies, infuriated rebels and upstart adventurers of the Punjab was being channelised and organized by Chandargputa Maurya and Chanakya into a tremendous imperial movement which swept up to Pataliputra in the east and resulted in the creation of the first unified Indian empire known to history .

The weak successors of Ashoka Maurya could not retian the region. The Greeks of Bactria invadad and occupied the Punjab in the second century B.C About 150 B.C , Demetrius overran Madhyemika, modern Manjher or the upper part of Bari Boad, Then Followed a series of foreign in roads by Sakas , Kushans, Huns, etc.

In the 6^th Century AD arose the great Kingdom of Thanesar under Harshavardhana which included only the Punjab east of the River Jhelum.

On the basis of remains, the modern archaeologists believe that Chhina Patti in Gurdaspur District was a colony of the Chines . it is also believed that Hiuen Tsang who visited India during the reign of Narshavardhana also stayed here for some time .

Medieval Period

1001 AD to 1019 AD .. From the later half of the tenth century upto 1019,the District of Gurdaspur was included in the Shahi Kingdom of the Punjab under Jayapal (1001-1012 AD ) and Trilochanpal Anangpal (1012-1019 AD ). Shahi Kingdom was extended from the Indus to Lamghan on the one side and from Kashmir to Multan on the other

1019 AD .. On the death of Trilochanpal and the flight of his son Bhimpal from the reigon, the entire Shahi kingdom formed part of the dominions of Sultan Mathmud of Ghanzi .

1325 AD .. Nam Dev (1270-1350) a saint belonging to Maharashtra visited Gurdaspur District when he was about fifty –five year of age . He settled of Ghuman and is supposed to have died here . A temple in his memory has been built at this place .

1353 AD .. Firoz Shah Tughlaq, a great canal constructor visited Kalanaur in 1353 on hunting excursion, Kalanour was the mast important town in the district during the period of Delhi Emperors.

1422 AD .. Kalanour was attacked by Jasrath Khokhar.

1428 AD .. Jasrath Khokhar made anthor attack on kalanour .

1472 AD .. Balala was founded by Rai Ram Deo, a Bhatti Rajput From Kapurthala, during the time of Bahlol Khan Lodhi.

1485 AD .. Guru Nanak Dev Ji was married with Sulakni, daughter of Mul Chand, a Khatri of Pakhoke ( Dera Baba Nanak ) in the Batala Tehsil in the Gurdaspur District . The marriage was solemnized at Batala .

1539 AD .. Guru Nanak Dev Ji seems to have lived a great deal at Pakhoke ( now Known as Dera BaBa Nanak ), the village of his wife and eventually died in 1539 at Kartarpur on the opposite bank of the River Ravi ( in Pakistan ) . It was there the celebrated dispute occurred between Hindu and Muhammadan followers as to whether his body should be burnt or buried, which was solved by the body itself disappearing.

15 February1556 .. it was at Kashmir that Akbar was installed by Bairam Khan on a takht ( throne ) on 15 February 1556, Immediately when Akbar received the news of his father ,s death

1605-1658 .. The Emperor Jahangir visited Kahnuwan and Pindori during this period .

1627-1658 During the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan, the sixth Guru HargobindJi founded Sri Hargobind pur and stayed here for sometime. In 1639, Ali Mardan Khan, the celebrated Enginner ,began the construction of the Shsh Nahar to carry the water of the River Ravi to royal garden of Shalimar near Lahore (Pakistan ) . Ala-ul- Mulk remodelled and completed the work and wihin the Gurdaspur District at least the alignment was closely followed, not only by the Sikh rulers in constructing the Hasli Canal but also by British engineers in laying out Bari Doab canal . Baba Lal Ji who is said to have lived in the time of the Emperor Shah Jahan, founded the well-known to the left of the road from Batala to Dera Baba Nanak . Dara Shikoh to visit Dhianpur to have frequent religious disputation with the saint Lal Ji

1708 .. On being commissioned by Guru Gobind Singh from Deccen to the Punjab in 1708 to punish those who had persecuted the Sikh and murdered his father and innocent children, Banda Bahadur used this district as a base from where he raided the countery upto Lahore .

1711 .. Banda Bahadur began to extend his influence in the direction of Gurdaspur District. The Sikhs overran the towns of Raipur and Bahrampur and advanced towards the parganas of kalanaur and Batala . On his way to Lahore ,the emperor Bahadur Shah (1707 -1712) crossed the River Beas at the fort of Sri Hargobindpur (Rahilla) on 23 June .A haltb was made at the town of Kahnuwan on 17 July at Kalanaur on 29July and Chamiari on 30 July reaching Lahore on 11 August 1711. He came to pursue Banda Bahadur who had fled towards the Hills of Jammu .

1712-1713 .. The years 1712 and 1713 were the most unfavourable to the Sikh . Thousand of them were captured and put to death . The decline of the Sikh power and persecution of the Sikhs gave an impetus to those in power, all over the country, to persecute them remorselesaly .

27 March 1714.. Jagat Singh with a detachment alongwith his brothers and servants ,fell upon the village Kiri Afghanan ( kitri Pathaaan ) in the pargana of Kahnuawan and entered the garhi or fortress of the scuffle .Booty worth about sixth thousand, in cash and in kind belonging to the residents of the village and those of the neighbouring village fell into the hands of the Sikhs.

1715 .. In the beginning of 1715 after about fifteen month’ sojourn iin the Jammu Hills, Banda reappeared in the plains from the direction of Jammu and marched toward kalanaur. Kalanaur fell into the hands of the Sikhs .Banda next marched toward Batala .its faujdar , Sheikh Muhammand Dayam ,came out to encounter the Sikh force . A bloody battle was fought for about six hours ,and there was great bloodshed on both sides. Many among from the nobility of Batala were killed . None of the Zamindars and commander could resist the Sikhs in the field of battle . Batala and its neighbourhood were occupied by the Sikhs .

17 December 1715 . Banda Bahadur and his soldiers were made prisoner by the mughal force at the mud fort of Gurdas Nangal about 6km to the south –west of the town of Gurdaspur.

1730 .. Dianangar was founded by Adina Beg on the banks of the hasli or Shah Nadar as his residence and cantonment. He seems to have exercised his government mainly from that town.

1738 The invasion . of Nader Shah in 1738 dis-organised the Gurdaspur and Government and aggression of the Sikhs Increased enabling them to occupy more territory in the district .

1746 First Ghalughara ( Holocaust ) took place . A hug army consisting of mughal troops and auxiliaries drawn from all over the country ,marched against the Sikhs under the personal command of yahiya Khan ,the Governor of Lohare (1745-1747) and his diwan Lakhpat Rai . The Sikhs about fifteen thousand in number ,had taken refuge in the reedy . marshes of Kahnuwan . They were over powered by the enemy and thousand of them were killed .

1758 .. Adina Beg died at Batala .The Death of Adina Beg removed the main check on the growing power of the Sikhs, and they soon spread over the country

1808 The power of ramgarhia sikha missal in the district was broken in by Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

1811 .. The power of Kanhaya Misal was broken by Maharaja Ranjit Sing1811.

May 1838 . Macnaghten Mission on thr subject of the proposed alliance with the object of placing Shah Shuja on the throne of Kabul ,was received at Dinanagar by Maharaja Ranjit Singh . Dinanagar was a favourite summer residence of the Lion of the Punjab .

(c) British Role

1849 .. After annexation of Punjab to the British territory in April 1849 , a new

District of Adinaagar was constituted with Dinanagar as its headquartera. Gurdaspur Tehsil, a greater portion of the Batala Tesil and 181 village of Pathankot Tehsil were included in the Adinanagar district .

July 1849 .. In July ,the civil and military escort were transferred to Batala as Dinanagar was thought unhealthy .

1851 The abolition of female infanticide was one of the important social welfare measures adopted by the British The Deputy Commissioner, Gurdaspur brought to the notice of the Government that the Bedis Killed their female off springs and were known as Kureemars ( girl slayers) . The matter was immediately taken in hand and all the Deputy Commissioners in the Punjab were directed to send details reports on the prevalence of this crime in their areas . In due course ,the crime of female infanticide almost vanished in the district .

1852 The Shahpur Kandi tract was transferred from Kangra to this District The District officers were shifted to Gurdaspur on 1 May 1852 and the crime of the district and treasury was finally altered from that of Adinanagar to Gurdaspur.

1857 . To meet the situation of great uprising of 1857, precautionary measure were taken by james Naesmyth, Deputy Commissioner, Gurdaspur. The first step to meet the situation was to ensure the regular , accurate and direct communication of intelligence from each outpost of the district as to the State of feeling etc. in the neighbourhood . The police were further enjoined at once to arrest any agitator or suspicious person or persons who might be disseminating or stirring up redellion.

On 20 May 1857 ,a treasure of nearly rupees seven lakhs was removed to the fort of Gurdaspur at Amritsar .

1857 . On 3 June 1857, a feeling of still greater security was created at Gurdaspur by the dismissal of the detachment of the 59 Native Infantry to join its headquarters at Amritsar

The rebellions of 1857 in the district were curshed mercilessly .

During the first week in August ,a remnant, numbering about 25 men of the 26^th Native Infantry from Lohare, found their way into the swamps of this district. They were all killed by a party of the new levy under Garbett and Hanna of the canal Department and by a separate little party of the 2^nd

Irregular Cavalry under Major Jackson, who was seriously wonnded.

1861 .Raja Teja Singh‘S Jagir was consolidated in the south –west of the Batala Tehsi and his headquarters were fixed at that town and a considerable Jurisdiction over the jagir villages was conferred on him with the title of Raja of Batala.

December 1862 . A new tehsil was formed at Qudian on the death of the Raja of Batal December 1862 . The lagir was resumed and the former tehsil Batala was reconsitituted .

April 1867 .. Batala tehsil was transferred to Amritsar from Gurdaspur. `

1April 1869 Batala teshil was re-transferred to Gurdaspur District, as the arrangement did not work satisfactorily

1866-1871.. From 1866 onwards, Kukas were particularly active in their compaign against tombs, graves and cremation marks. The more ardent among them took law into their hands and committed several acts of aggression in some of the district including Gurdaspur . Some f them were arrested and awarded varying terms of imprisonment .

1869 .. The famine of 1869 caused havoc in the district .

1870 .. The year 1870, ushered in an era of peasant indebtedness which

had never been known in the country before . The elaborate legal system introduced by the British contributed toward the impoverishment o the peasantry and the enrichment of money – lender and lawyers .

1900 .. The 16^th Session of the Indian National Congress was held at Lahore in Which delegates from all over the Punjab including Gurdaspur District took part .

February 1907 .. There was much unrest in the district . The immediate cause of unrest Was of the Punjab Canal Colonies Act in February 1907 . It restricted the right to cut Tree on their land . At the same time , the Government passed the Colonization of Government land ( Punjab ) Bill in February 1907 in order to enhance the rate of water supply from the Bari Doab Canal . All these measures were responsible for raising a political storm in the Punjab .

1913-1915 .. The Ghadar party with headquarters at san Francisco ( U.SA ) was formedIn 1913 to liberate India by force . A large number of Ghadarites came to Indian and many of them were able to reach Punjab. These revolutionaries exhorted the people to rise but not with much success

The Ghadarites were suppressed with a heavy hand. A large number of them were tried by special tribunals constituted under the defence of India Act , 1915 .A list of revolutionaries belonging to the Gurdaspur district tried and convicted ,is given in the Appendix at the end of this chapter .

1917. The district Congress Committee ,Gurdaspur was formed in October, with Sheikh Mukhtar Ahmed Advocate ,as its President and Mehr Chand ,Pleader as Secretary . To begin with the number of the district congress Committee was 24, which increased In due course . The delegates of the District Congress Committee, Gurdaspur, attended the provincial Political Conference held at Lahore in 1917 .

26 February 1918 The district Congress Committee ,Gurdaspur passed a resolution of protest against the Restriction of Habitual Offenders ( Punjab ) Act, 1918, on the ground that this Act curbed individual liberty and placed entirely at the mercy of low-paid police and village official.

March 1919 . The Rowlatt Act ,passed in march 1919, nvested the Government with Extraordinary powers to suppress any kind of political agitation. .A complete hartal was observed at Batala, Dhariwal, Dinanagar, Gurdaspur, Pathankot, and Sujanpur, while a partial hartal was observed at Aliwal, Qudian and Shoal against the Rowlatt Act . protest meeting were held at Batala, Pathankot and Gurdaspur.

11April 1919 The Deputy Commissioner, Gurdaspur assembled all available member of the local bar in his court in the forenoon and discussed the situation of law and order. In the evening a joint meeting of the Hindus and the Muslims was held in the Arian Wali Mosque .

12 April 1919 A hartal was observed at Batala and Gurdaspur.

13 April 1919 A Hartal was observed at Pathankot. At night, a meeting of Hindus and Muslims was held in the Jama Masjid during which a suggestion was made to raid the civil lines. The demonstrators took an extremely violent form after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre at Amritsar on 13 April 1919.

13-15 April 1919 During this period, telegraph wires were cut at a large number of places in Gurdaspur District.

14 April 1919 The Government authorities issued orders under the Punjab Patrol Act for patrolling of railway lines in the Gurdaspur District. At Pathankot, an attempt was made to damage the railway tract near the station.

16 April 1919 On 16 April 1919, a lighted torch was thrown at an English lady during riding in a motor-car at Pathankot.

21 April 1919 The Gurdaspur District was proclaimed under section 15 of the Police Act. The General Officer Commanding Amritsar and his moveable column arrived at Gurdaspur in the forenoon and in the afternoon General Dyer addressed a meeting of pleaders and local notables in the town hall.

22 April 1919 Batala was visited by the movable column under General Dyer, who addressed two meetings of the town people and the rural people separately.

Dhariwal was also visited by the moveable column under General Dyer, who addressed a meeting of pleaders and local notables.

2 May 1919 Nine persons were arrested at Gurdaspur under the Defence of India Act for attempting to create disaffection towards the government.

3 Augast 1920 Public meetings were held at Gurdaspur in which Sir Michael O Dwyer's claim that the Punjab public supported his policy was severely repudiated due to the effect of the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy and the martial law administration.

15 November 1920 Shiromani Gurudwara Prabhandhak Committee was set up by the Sikhs for the management of all Sikh shrines. Consequently, many gurudwaras of the district came under the control of Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee.

1920 No n-Co-operation Movement was started by Gandhi Ji in 1920 due to an alliance with the Khilafat leaders. Jallainwala Bagh Tragedy and Rowlett Act were also responsible for the starting of Non-co-operation Movement. Its programme, among other items including the renunciation of all government titles, the boycott of legislation, law courts and government schools and colleges. The people all over the country enthusiastically responded to the call of Gandhi Ji. The Government made every efforts to stop the movement and a large member of persons courted imprisonment.

There was a great response to the call of Gandhi Ji by the people of this district. A darbar at Dinanagar was held to discuss the situation created by Gandhi Ji by H. Harcourt, the Deputy Commissioner, Gurdaspur. Extraordinary meeting held on 3 December, 1920 by theGurdaspur District Bar Association passed a resolution making is incumbent on its members to refrain henceforth from accepting any work and appearing in the courts. The Deputy Commissioner discussed the matter with them in which he explained that he had no intention of and never meant to wound their religious and patriotic susceptibilities. In view of this, the said resolution of bycotting his court was dropped.

1921 Public meetings for the promotion of the Swadeshi (Indian made) Movements were also organised at Behrampur, Dinanagar and Pathankot in the district. A conference of weavers, carders and managers of Khadies of the district was organized at Gurdaspur, under the auspices of the local District Congress Committee. The main aim of this conference was to promote the uses of Swadeshi goods like Khadi cloth, woollen blankets, dhotis, turbans, handweaven clothes and bycott the foreign made goods. This had the desired effect and a large number of persons discarded their clothes made out of foreign cloth.

February 1922 Gandhi Ji called off the Non-cooperation Movement in February 1922 due to some incidents of violence.

29-30 April 1922 A session of the Punjab Provincial Conference was held at Batala on 29-30 April 1922. One of the resolutions passed there declared the firm adherence of the conference to the Principles of non-violence and non-co-operation as the only means of attaining freedom and getting the Khilafat and Punjab grievances redressed.

26 January 1930 26 January 1930 was declared the Independence Day. The National flag was hoisted and the Independence pledge was taken by the people at Gurdaspur and other places in the district.

8 June 1930 A Ladies Congress Committee was established at Dinanagar and women were exhorted to take their proper share in the national struggle and be ready to suffer for the country. Thereafter, women also began to participate in the Satyagrah Movement.

1934 The Second Civil Disobedience Movement was naturally subsided by the middle of 1934.

1939-45 The Congress refused co-operation in the World War II (1939-45) which was conducted on imperialistic lines.

November 1939 The Congress ministries in different provinces resigned.

8 August 1940 The Viceroy, Lord Linlithgow, made a statement on 8 August 1940 holding out the prospect of a representative constituent assembly after the war was over. This August Offer was rejected by the Congress and as a protest, Gandhi ji started the campaign of individual civil; disobedience. A good number of people in the Gurdaspur District singed the satyagrah pledge and their names were sent from time to time by the District Congress Committee, Gurdaspur for approval of Gandhi ji.

January 1941 The District Satyagrah Congress Committee was formed in early January 1941 to accelerate the enrolment of satyagrahis and enlist the sympathy of the masses. The people showed great enthusiasm and a good number of them courted arrests.

9 August 1942 Gandhi Ji and all the members of the Congress Working Committee were arrested. The Indian National Congress was banned and its officers were taken possession of by the police. The British Government did all in its power to crush the Congress organization. A good number of persons were arrested in the Gurdaspur District.

1946 The results of elections were over-whelmingly in the favour of the Congress.

1 July 1947 The British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act on 1 July 1947.

15 August 1947 Country attained Independence on 15 August 1947. The achievement of Independence was celebrated in the district with great enthusiasm. But it was marred by the communal riots and the exodus of minority communities from both sides of the border consequent upon the partition of the country.

On partition of Punjab in 1947, the whole of Shakargarh Tehsil of Gurdaspur District was transferred to Pakistan.

1960 An agreement was reached between the Government of India and Pakistan that the shifting of the course of rivers was not to effect the boundaries between the two countries. As a result of the demarcation, district gained and lost possession of certain chunks of land situated on both sides of River Ravi.

1966 The boundary Commission recommended the inclusion of pockets of Dalhousie, Baloon and Bakloh in Himachal Pradesh and necessary provision was made in the Punjab Reorganization Act, 1966. These are as were transferred as such with effect from 1 November 1966.

APPENDIX !

Ghadar ( Rebellion ) of 1915

Revolutionaries belonging to the Gurdaspur District tried and convicted by Special Tribanals.

Name

Village

Penalty

Person accused of the Second Lahore Conspiracy Case sentenced to trancsportation for life with forfelture of property

Udham Singh

Thikriwala

------

Person sentenced to various terms of imprisonment in the Second Lahore Conspiracy Case

Sher Singh

Thikriwala

1 years ‘s rigorous imprisonment

Person sentenced to different terms of imprisonment in the Srigobindpur Conspiracy Case

Sher Singh	Thikriwala	7 Years	Rigorous imprisonment
Kesar Singh	do	3,,	“
Gundoo	do	3,,	“
Veer Singh	do	21,,	‘
Puran Singh	Kot Todar Mal	21,,	“
Atma Singh	Thikriwala	14,,	“
Santa Singh	Bham	14,,	“
Labhoo	Arjanpur	14,,	“
Munshi	Kot Todar Mal	14 ,,	“
Tehta	do	14,,	‘
Dharam Singh	Bham	7,,	“
Kala Singh	do	7,,	“
Bahadur Singh	do	7,,	“
Bhagat Singh	do	7,,	“
Bela Singh

Range in mm	No. of year
401-500	1
501-600	1
601-700	6
701-800	12
801-900	9
901-1000	13
1001-1100	10
1101-1200	8
1201-1300	4
1301-1400	4
1401-1500	3
1501-1600	4
1601-1700	5

			HigherMaximum ever recroded				Lowest Minimum ever recorded		Relative Humidity Hours
Month	MaenDaily Maximum Temperature 'C	Mean Daily Minimum Temperature 'C	'C	Date		'C	Date		0830	1730
January	18.4	5.6	26.1	1952 January	23	0.0	1956 January	21	84	61
February	22.2	8.4	29.4	1956 February	28	3.3	1959 February	6	74	46
March	27.1	13.5	35.2	1958 March	28	6.1	1954 March	5	56	40
April	33.5	17.9	41.7	1958 April	27	7.2	1955 April	17	34	24
May	39.0	23.2	44.4	1952 May	28	12.2	1955 May	12	25	19
June	40.2	26.1	46.1	1960 June	11	18.3	1957 June	4	35	28
July	34.1	25.0	43.4	1957 July	5	17.2	1955 July	20	75	61
August	32.5	24.0	36.2	1957 August	24	18.9	1952 August	28	82	70
September	32.8	22.4	36.7	1952 September	12	15.6	1953 September	17	74	63
October	30.8	16.9	36.7	1952 October	2	10.6	1955 October	4	60	52
November	25.9	9.8	32.2	1952 November	1	5.6	1955 November	8	60	49
December	21.1	6.9	27.2	1959 December	5	1.1	1955 December	24	75	58
Annual	29.8	16.6							61	48
Hours I.S.T. (Sou rce: Additional Direc tor General of Meteorology (Research) Pune)