Bar
Associations have been formed at the district as well as the sub-divisional
headquarters in the State. These look
after the interests of their members and render a useful service to the cause
of the legal profession. These
associations endeavour to maintain the dignity of the profession besides
promoting best possible relations between the Bench and the Bar. These also help the courts in the
administration of justice and promote a sense of respect for law and order in
the public mind.
The
Bar Association, Gurdaspur, is said to have been formed prior to the
commencement of 20th century.
Its strength as on March 31, 1972 was 56.
The
Bar Association, Pathankot, is also an old one and is said to have been formed
prior to the year 1920. Its strength on
March 31, 1972, was 40. A Bar Association is also functioning at Batala and its
strength as on March 31, 1972, was 49.
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OTHER
DEPARTMENTS
Prior to the independence, revenue,
judiciary and police were the only important departments. After independence, the new national set-up in
the country and the rapidly developing economy have opened vast avenues of
employment and consequently, there has been an appreciable expansion of the
different departments and the creation of new ones. In order to keep pace with the growing tempo of development work
generated by the various nation-building activities, a number of departments
have come up during the post-independence period.
The administrative set-up, functions and
activities of the departments, which have not been mentioned elsewhere in the
Gazetteer, have been dealt with hereunder :
Its activities, may be mainly divided
into construction of buildings and roads, public health, drainage and
irrigation. The jurisdiction of the
circles/divisions of the department does not necessarily confine to one
district ; it may extend to more than
one district. The circles/divisions,
having jurisdiction over the Gurdaspur District, as described below :
(i) Superintending Engineer, Pathankot
Circle, P.W.D., B & R, Pathankot. –
Started on May 18, 1968, this circle has three
divisions under it, viz. Provincial Division, P.W.D., B & R, Gurdaspur ;
Construction Division, P.W.D., B & R, Batala, and Central Works Division,
P.W.D., B & R, Pathankot, each under an Executive Engineer.
The
Superintending Engineer is under the administrative control of the Chief
Engineer, P.W.D., Punjab, Patiala. He
is assisted by 1 Circle Head Draftsman, 2 Assistant Draftsmen, 2 Tracers, 1 Superintendent,
1 Head Assistant, 6 Assistance, besides other ministerial/technical Class III
and miscellaneous Class IV staff.
The
main functions of the circle are to exercise control over the construction of
roads and buildings under its jurisdiction.
Executive Engineer, Provincial Division,
P.W.D., B & R, Gurdaspur. –
The division was opened in August 1960. The Executive Engineer is assisted by 4
Sub-Divisional Engineers, 19 Sectional Officers, 1 Head Draftsman, 1 Draftsmen,
2 Tracers, 3 Road Inspector, 1 Head Clerk, 1 Divisional Accountant, 3 Senior
Accounts Clerks, 2 Store Keepers, besides other ministerial/technical Class II
and miscellaneous Class IV staff.
The
main functions of the division are to execute roads and buildings works and to
look after their maintenance.
Executive Engineer, Central Works Division,
P.W.D., B & R, Pathankot. –
Formerly known as Construction Division No. 1, this
Division was renamed as Central Works Division, Pathankot, on December 3, 1971,
and its headquarter were shifted from Gurdaspur to Pathankot. The Executive Engineer, is assisted by 4
Sub-Divisional Engineers, 1 Head Draftsman, 2 Draftsmen, 2 Tracers, 16
Sectional Officers, 1 divisional Accountant, besides other ministerial/technical
Class III and miscellaneous Class IV staff.
Executive Engineer, Construction Division
No. 2, P.W.D., B & R, Batala. – This
division was set up in February 1968.
The Executive Engineer is assisted by 4 Sub-Divisional engineers, 1 Head
Clerk, 1 Head Draftsman, 1 Divisional Accountant, 1 Sectional Officer (Mech.),
16 Sectional Officers (Civil), besides other ministerial/technical Class III
and miscellaneous class IV staff.
The
main functions of this division are construction of public buildings and roads
including bridges and culverts.
(ii)
Executive Engineer, P.W.D.,
Health Division, Gurdaspur. – Formed
on August 12, 1970, this division is under the supervision and administrative
control of the Superintending Engineer, P.W.D., Public Health Circle,
Jullundur. The Executive Engineer is
assisted by 4 Sub-Divisional Engineers, 15 Sectional Officers, 1 Draftsman, 2
Assistant Draftsmen, 2 Tracers, 1 Head Clerk, and 1 Accountant, besides other
ministerial/technical Class III and miscellaneous Class IV staff.
The division is engaged in providing drinking water
supply arrangements, and construction of sewerage and drainage systems in urban
as well as rural areas. Besides, the
provision of public health amenities like water supply, sewerage and sanitary
installation, etc. in all Government buildings is also done by this division.
(iii) Executive Engineer, P.W.D., Diversion
Division, Amritsar. - Started on March1, 1966, this division is
under the Superintending Engineer, P.W.D., Amritsar Circle, Amritsar. Its jurisdiction also extends to the
Gurdaspur District.
The
Executive Engineer, P.W.D., Diversion Division, Amritsar, has two sub-divisions
in Gurdaspur District, viz. Chukander Sub-Division, Malikpur (opened about in
1956) and Drainage Sub-Division No. 13, Gurdaspur (opened in 1960). Each sub-division is under a Sub-Divisional
Officer, who is assisted by a number of Sectional Officers and ministerial and
Class IV staff.
The
main functions of these sub-divisions are flood protection works.
(iv)
Superintending Engineer, Upper Bari Doab Canal circle, Amritsar.
- This
circle was formed in 1859. Out of the
five divisions under it, the jurisdiction of the following three divisions,
wholly or partially, fall in the Gurdaspur District :-
Executive Engineer, Madhopur Division, Upper
Bari Doab Canal, Gurdaspur. – The
division was set up on July 3, 1954, for the construction of Kalanaur
distributary system and flood protection works over the River Ravi in Gurdaspur
and Amritsar districts. It is
controlled by the Superintending Engineer, Upper Bari Doab Canal Circle,
Amritsar, and is under the charge of Executive Engineer, who is assisted by 3
Sub-Divisional Officers, 14 Sectional Officers, 1 Deputy Collector, 1 Head
Clerk, 1 Head Draftsman, 1 Accountant, 1 Draftsman, besides, other ministerial/
technical Class III and miscellaneous Class IV staff.
The
main functions of this division are the maintenance and running of channels.
Executive Engineer, Gurdaspur Division,
Upper Bari Doab Cananl, Gurdaspur.- The
division has been functioning in the district from prior to the year 1900. The Executive Engineer is assisted by 3
Sub-Divisional Officers, 14 Sectional Officers, 1 Divisional Head Clerk, 1
Divisional Head Draftsman, besides other ministerial/technical Class III and
miscellaneous Class IV staff.
The
division looks after the maintenance of the canal and safe running of the
channels within its jurisdiction.
In
addition to the above, there is a
revenue wing, responsible for the booking of the irrigated area and assessment
of water rates from the irrigators.
Executive Engineer, Majitha Division, Upper
Bari Doab Canal, Amritsar. – The
division was established in 1884. It is
under the charge of an Executive Engineer, who functions under the control of
the Superintending Engineer, Upper Bari Doab Canal, Amritsar.
Under
this division, there are five sub-divisions, viz. Amritsar, Khalra, Chheharta, Aliwal and Remodelling
sub-divisions. Of these, only the
Aliwal Sub-Division falls in the Gurdaspur District.
The
Aliwal Sub-Division is looked after by 1 Sub-Divisional Officer, 5 Sectional
Officers and Ziladari staff besides ministerial and Class IV staff. The sub-division watches the regulation of
supply and makes equitable distribution of water into the channels of the
Majitha Division. The distributaries of
this sub-division irrigate the lands of the adjoining villages of the Gurdaspur
and Batala tahsilas.
(v) Superintending Engineer, Hydel Upper
Bari Doab Canal, Construction Circle, Pathankot. – Started on May 20, 1964, this circle has four1
divisions under it, viz. Hydel Upper Bari Doab Canal Construction Division No.
1, Hydel Upper Bari Doab
____________________________________________________________________
1.
The fifth division, viz. Hydel Upper Bari Doab Canal Construction Division No.
III, was closed on February 29, 1972.
Canal Construction Division No. II, Hydel Upper Bari
Doab Canal Construction Division No. IV, and Hydel Upper Bari Doab Canal
Mechanical Division No. V, all located at Pathankot. Each of these divisions is under the charge of an Executive
Engineer.
The
Superintending Engineer at the circle level is assisted by 1 Sub-Divisional
Officer, 1 Circle Head Draftsman, 4 Draftsmen, 1 Superintendent, and 1 Circle Assistant,
besides other ministerial/technical Class III and miscellaneous Class IV staff.
The
main functions for the circle are construction of the Hydel Upper Bari Doab
Canal Project, Pathankot, consisting of three power houses of 15 M.V.each.
Executive Engineer, Hydel Upper Bari Doab
Canal, construction Division No. II, Pathankot. –Formed on August 7, 1964, the division was entrusted with the
construction of Power House No. 2 of 15 M.V.
The
Executive Engineer is assisted by 5 Sub-Divisional Officers, 27 Sectional
Officers, 1 Divisional Head Draftsman, 1 Draftsman, 1 Divisional Accountant, 1
Head Clerk and 1 Assistant Surgeon, besides other ministerial/technical Class
III and miscellaneous Class IV staff.
Executive Engineer, Hydel Upper Bari Doab
Canal, Construction Division No. IV.
Pathankot. – Formed on December 24,
1966, the division is entrusted with the inspection of quality control work of
Executive Engineers, Division No. 1, 2 and 3.
The
Executive Engineer is assisted by 8 Sub-Divisional Officers, 29 Sectional
Officers, 1 Divisional Dead Draftsman, 2 Draftsmen, 1 Divisional Accountant, 1
Head Clerk, and 1 Assistant Research Officer, besides other
ministerial/technical Class III and miscellaneous Class IV staff.
Executive Engineer, Hydel Upper Dari Doab
Canal, Mechanical Division No. V, Pathankot. – The division was opened on October 31, 1966. The Executive Engineer is assisted by 4 Sub-Divisional Officers,
9 Sectional Officers, 1 Divisional Head Draftsman, 2 Draftsmen, 1 Divisional Accountant,
1 Head Clerk, and 1 Labour Welfare Inspector, besides other
ministerial/technical Class III and miscellaneous Class IV staff.
The
main functions of the division are maintenance of electrical/mechanical works
at maintenance stores at Madhopur and Sarna ; maintenance of electric supply at
the Power Houses I, II and III along with the Hydel Channel from R.D. (Reduced Distance in thousand feet) o
to 65.
(b)
Public Relations Department
The department is represented at the district level
by the district Public Relations Officer.
He is assisted by 1 Assistant Public Relations Officer, 2 Field
Publicity Assistants, 1 Radio Mechanic, 1 Tourist Officer, 2 Information Centre
Assistants, 1 Accountant, 1 Drama Inspector, 2 Cinema Operators, 1 Harmonium
Master, 1 Stage Master, 5 Actors, 1 Technical Assistant and other
ministerial/technical Class III and miscellaneous Class IV staff.
The
functions of the District Public Relations Officer are to serve as a liaison
between the State Government and the public and to disseminate and publicise
Government policies and programmes, through press and mass media of drammas and
cinemas. These also include press
coverage, organization of public meetings and rural conferences, holding of kavi
darbar (poetical symposia), variety programmes and exhibitions. The District Public Relations Officer also
receives tourists not only from within the country but also from other
countries. He is also the Secretary of
the District Library Committee, which gives grants for the development of
municipal libraries and for setting up of reading rooms in the rural areas.
The
office also runs two tourist information centres, one each at Pathankot and
Shahpur which are frequently visited by foreign tourists going to Kashmir. Under the community listening scheme, it has
installed 7 radio-sets in the district.
The department is represented in the
district by two Assistant Registrars.
Co-operative Societies, posted one each at Gurdaspur and Batala. They are under the administrative control of
the Deputy Registrar, Co-operative Societies, Amritsar with an overall control
of the Registrar, Co-operative Societies, Punjab, Chandigarh. The jurisdiction of the Assistant Registrar,
So-operative Societies, Gurdaspur extends to the Gurdaspur and Pathankot
tahsils (excluding Dhariwal Block) and that of the Assistant Registrar,
Co-operative Societies, Batala, to the Batala Tahsil plus Dhariwal Block.
The office of the Assistant registrar, Co-operative
Societies, Gurdaspur, was established in 1935.
He is assisted by 1 Head Clerk, 1 Accountant, 1 Statistical Assistant,
18 Inspectors, 42 Sub-Inspectors besides other ministerial and Class IV staff.
The office of the Assistant Registrar,
Co-operative Societies, Batala, was established in November 1959. He is assisted by 1 Head Clerk, 1
Accountant, 1 Statistical Assistant, 16 Inspectors, 37 Sub-Inspectors, besides
other ministerial and Class IV staff.
The working of women co-operatives in
the district is supervised by an Inspector, Co-operatives Societies, stationed
at Gurdaspur.
The main functions of the Assistant
Registrars, Co-operatives Societies, Gurdaspur and Batala, are : to ensure
proper growth and development of the co-operative movement ; registration of
co-operative societies and to exercise supervision over them ; and to ensure
the audit of the accounts of these societies.
Besides, they advance loans to the members of the societies for stepping
up agricultural production. Loans are
also advanced in the form of fertilizers, seeds and agricultural implements.
(c)
Food and
Supplies Department
The department is represented at the
district level by the District Food and Supplies Controller, posted at the
district headquarters. He is under the
administrative control of the Director, Food and Supplies, Punjab, Chandigarh.
The office of the District Food and
Supplies Controller, Gurdaspur, was established in 1948. He is assisted by 1 District Food and
Supplies Officer, 4 Assistant Food and Supplies Officers, 1 Head Analyst, 6
Junior Analysts, 1 Head Clerk, 1 Accountant, 1 Statistical Assistant, 1 Senior
Auditor, 8 Junior Auditors, 28 Inspectors, besides other ministerial and class
IV staff.
The main functions of the department are
: procurement of food-grains ; distribution of sugar, rice, wheat/atta
and vegetable ghee through fair price shops in the urban as well as rural areas
; issue/renewal of brick-kilns and fire-wood licences; allotment of coal/coke
and cement ; and checking of licences of foodgrains, rice hullers, rice
shellers, kerosene, ghee, rice, sugar, yarn etc. The department also maintains its own godowns for storage of
foodgrains.
The
department is represented at the district level by the Treasury Office, who is
incharge of the District Treasury, Gurdaspur.
He is assisted by 2 Assistant Treasury Officer, (incharge of the
Sub-Treasuries at Batala and Pathankot), 1 District Treasurer, 4 Assistant
Treasurers, 1 Assistant Superintendent Treasury, 4 Assistants, besides other
ministerial and Class IV staff.
The
main duties of Treasury Officer and the Assistant Treasury Officers are to make
receipts and payments on behalf of the Government and to maintain the initial
accounts of the Government. They are also
responsible to the Accountant General, Punjab, for regular submission of
monthly accounts and allied returns, etc.
The
department is represented at the district level by the District Statistical
Officer, Gurdaspur. This office was
established in 1958. The District
Statistical Officer is assisted by 1 Technical Assistant, 1 Field Assistant, 1
Computer, besides other ministerial and Class IV staff.
The
main functions of the District Statistical Officer are : to co-ordinate the
statistical activities of various offices at the district level and to publish
statistical data, to improve the quality of the statistical work done at the
district level, to conduct ad hoc socio-economic surveys, to collect
price data for supplying to the different Central and State agencies to collect
weekly retail prices and to act as store of statistic for Government
institutions and interested public.
The
department is represented at the district level by the District Language
Officer, Gurdaspur, whose Office was established in February 1962. The District language Officer is assisted by
an Instructor of stenography, a clerk and a peon.
The
functions of the District Language Officer are to popularise Punjabi in the
district ; to impart training in Punjabi shorthand and type-writing ; to
organise literary meetings, kavi darbars (poetical symposia), drammas,
debates and poetic compositions ; to celebrate birth/death anniversaries of the
renowned deceased poets/writers of the district at their native places ; to
award financial assistance to literary men and institutions/organizations; and
to assist the Government offices in translating pamphlets/books in Punjabi.
Local Self- Government
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(a) Evolution of Local Self-Government in the District
The history of local self-government in the district
is not much difficult from the history and evolution of this institution in the
Punjab which in turn is practically the same as that India.
Local
Self-Government in the Punjab, as elsewhere in India, is of two kinds: The
local government of the villages and that of the towns. The development of local self-government in
large towns is described here while rural government falls under the Head of
the Panchayati Raj.
Historical Retrospect.- As
in the other parts of India already under the British rule, the administration
of local services and affairs was entrusted to a bureaucratic district
administration established in the Punjab, after it came under the British rule
in the forties of the 19th century.
Later on, however, it was decided by the British to decentralise the
administration gradually and this process of decentralisation began to result
in the establishment of a new politico-administrative organisation, called
municipal bodies, side by side with the existing district administration, in a
few towns.
The
earliest Act in Punjab dealing with Municipal Administration was the Punjab
Municipal Act, 1867 (Act XV of 1867).
This Act was repealed by Act IV of 1873. Both these enactments were very simple and had very little in
common with the existing municipal law.
In 1882, the Government of Lord Ripon (188—1884) issued their famous
resolution which had the effect of greatly extending the principle of local
self-government. He took a keen
interest in the system of local self-government, as an instrument of political
and popular education. Under his
influence, the people were given some share in the management of local affairs,
but the general view at that time was that it would take Indians a long time
before they would be capable of management of their local affairs. Acts were passed in 1883 and 1884 which
greatly enlarged the constitution, powers and functions of municipal
authorities. A wider bases was given to
the elective system. The initiative and
powers conferred on municipal committees of may towns were also widened by
permitting them to elect a private citizen as a Chairman in place of the
Executive Officer, who had hitherto filled the post. Arrangements were also made for the periodical revision of the
provincial finances to adjust municipal resources to relate them to civic responsibilities
entrusted to them. A considerable portion of the municipal revenue had hitherto
been devoted to the maintenance of the town police, over which the municipal
authorities had no control. They were
now in most provinces, relieved of this burden, on the understanding that they
would incur an equivalent expenditure on education, medical relief and local
public works. This was accompanied by other progressive steps. Some items of
Provincial revenue suited to and capable of development under local management,
were transferred from the Provincial account for local objects, subject only to
the condition of proportionate expenditure being incurred.
The
reforms proposed by Lord Ripon led to the overhauling of the Act IV of 1873 and
Act XIII of 1884. This Act was repealed
by Act XX of 1891 which only introduced such changes as experience had approved
to be desirable. The Act of 1884,
however, continued to be the foundation of the Municipal Administration in
Punjab.
The
Punjab Municipal Act, 1911 (Punjab Act III of 1911), repealed the Act XX of
1891, but the former did not introduce any material changes in the basic
principles of municipal administration.
Until
the independence, the changes introduced in the Punjab Municipal Act, 1911, by
a series of amending Acts, were relatively of a minor character. After the independence, the Act was amended
to provide for wholly elective municipal committees with democratically elected
presidents. Provision was also made for
the appointment of official Advisers who were entitled to participate in the
deliberations of the municipal committee, but without right to vote. New election rules were framed to provide
for elections on the basis of adult universal franchise. Communal electorates and the system of
nominations were abandoned. Provision
was also made for the reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes for a period of
ten years from the commencement of the Constitution of India, in proportion to
their population in the local area.
To cope
with the problems created by the influx of refugees on account of communal
disturbances before and after the partition, the East Punjab Local Authorities
(Restriction of Functions) Act, 1947 (Punjab Act IX of 1947), was passed. This Act empowered the State Government to
notify certain areas and to assume functions of a local authority therein where
the local authority was not capable of performing or did not adequately perform
such functions. Expenses for discharging
such functions were to be paid by the local authority concerned. The Punjab Local Authorities Laws (Exercise
of Powers) Act, 1953, provided for the performance of the functions of the
Commissioner under all local government enactments by the State Government and
the Deputy Commissioner.
The
Punjab Municipal (Second Amendment) Act, 1954, repealed the Punjab Small Town
Act, 1921, and converted Town Committees into class III Municipal
Committees. This Act, which came into
force on April 1, 1955, brought the governance of al urban local bodies under a
unified croups of municipal law.
In
order to tone up the efficiency of local body service, the Punjab Public
Service Commission (Additional Functions) Act, 1955, was placed on the Status
Book. This Act provided for the
recruitment of local bodies employees, with an initial pay of Rs 150 or more, a
month, through the Punjab Public Service Commission.
By the Punjab Municipal (Amendment) Act,
1956, reservation has been provided for Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes
in the services of Municipal committees.
In 1954, Local Government (urban) Enquiry Committee was set up to
recommend reforms in the structure of Urban local government1. The committee in its report, in 1957,
recommended enlargement of autonomy of municipal bodies to the maximum extent,
compatible with the imperative needs of continuity, effectively and integrity
in municipal administration.
Previously,
the term of office of municipal commissioners in the State was three
years. This was extended to five years
in 1973.
(b) Organisation and Structure
Functions
and Duties of Municipal Committees.- Statutorily, the Punjab Municipal Bodies have two
types of functions, namely, obligatory functions and optional functions. Obligatory functions are those functions
which every municipal committee has to
perform and if for their performance the committee does not make sufficient
provision in its budget, then the State Government compels it to do so; and if
the committee fails to perform these functions satisfactorily, then the State
Government may even supersede the committee and place the municipality under
the charge of its own officer.
Obligatory functions are of four main types, viz. public safety and
convenience, medical relief, public work and public health. These include such activities as regulating
or abetting offensive or dangerous trades, removing of obstructions and
projections in public streets, lighting and cleansing of public streets, burial
grounds, latrines, picnic spots, drains and sewers, registration of births and
deaths, public vaccination, inoculation and primary education, etc.
The
list of optional functions is comprehensive and includes construction and
maintenance of public streets, establishing and maintaining public parks,
gardens, libraries, museums, dharmsalas, rest houses, lunatic asylums,
furthering educational programmes other than primary education, planting and
maintaining of roadside trees, arranging for the destruction of stray dogs,
maintaining dairy farms and breeding studs, holding of fairs and exhibitions,
etc.
There
are 10 municipalities in the district at Gurdaspur, Dhariwal, Dinanagar,
Batala, Dera Baba Nanak, Fatehgarh Churian, Srigobindpur, Qadian, Pathankot and
Sujanpur. Out of these, 2 are Class I,
5 Class II and 3 Class III. The income
and expenditure of the municipalities are given in the Apendix at pages
359-360. The sources of income of the
different municipalities include house tax, octroi tax, toll tax, cycle tax,
cinema show tax, building application tax, water rate, tehbazari fee,
licence fee on articles of food and drink, dangerous and offensive trades
licence fee, vehicles licence fee, slaughter-house tax, etc.
_______________________________________________________________
1. Report of Local Government Urban Inquiry
Committee, 1957 (Chandigarh, 1957)
Khanna,
Rattan Lal, Local Government in Punjab (Chandigarh, 1957) pp. 15-18
A brief account of each municipality is
given below :
Gurdaspur Municipality
The municipality was first constituted in 1867. The bye-laws were introduced in 1920. It is a Class II municipality.
The
area of the town within municipal limits in 1971 was 6.47 sq. km. Its population, according to the 1971
Censes, was 32,064. The total number of
members of the municipal committee in 1970-71 was 14.
The
various civic amenities provided by the municipality include protected
water-supply, street lighting, surface drains, arrangements for cleanliness of
the town and disposal of refuse, a library and a reading room. The municipality also makes some
contribution towards the expenses of the Civil Hospital, Gurdaspur, and the
Mental Hospital, Amritsar.
Dhariwal Municipality
The
municipality was constituted in 1926.
The municipal bye-laws were introduced in 1961. It is a Class II municipality.
The
area of the town within municipal limits in 19w71 as 3.29 sq. km. and its
population, according to the 1971 Censes, was 9,985. The total number of members of the municipal committee was 15.
The
various civic amenities provided by the municipality include street lighting,
arrangements for cleanliness of the town and disposal of refuse and a library
and three reading rooms.
Dinanagar Municipality
The
municipality was constituted in 1868.
The bye-laws were introduced in 1950.
It is a Class II municipality.
The
area of the town within municipal limits in 1971 was 10.36 sq. km. and its
population, according to the 1971 Census, was 10,607. The total number of
members of the municipal committee in 1972-73 was 15.
The
various civic amenities provided by the municipality include street lighting,
arrangements for cleanliness of the town and disposal of refuse and a library
cum reading room and a reading room. The municipality runs a Civil Hospital and
a Veterinary Hospital.