Table of contents

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter

 

 

 

Pages

CHAPTER I

 

GENERAL

 

1

CHAPTER II

 

HISTORY

 

7

CHAPTER III

 

PEOPLE

 

15

CHAPTER IV

 

AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION

 

19

CHAPTER V

 

INDUSTRIES

 

30

CHAPTER VI

 

BANKING TRADE AND COMMERCE

 

40

CHAPTER VII

 

COMMUNICATION

 

52

CHAPTER IX

 

ECONOMIC TRADE

 

76

CHAPTER XI

 

REVENUE ADMINISTRATION

 

89

CHAPTER XII

 

LAW AND ORDER AND JUSTICE

 

103

CHAPTER XIV

 

Local Self- Government

 

116

CHAPTER XV

 

Education and culture

 

125

CHAPTER XVI

 

Medical and public health services

 

134

CHAPTER XVII

 

Other social Services

 

150

CHAPTER XVIII

 

 

Public Life and voluntary social service organizations

 

169

 

FOREWORD

 

 

            The revised edition of the Kapurthala district Gazetteer was published in 1984 by the Revenue Department. A Supplement to a District Gazetteer is prepared after 10 years of the publication of the main volume. Thus, this supplement had become due. It is the seventh supplement to be published in the series of Supplements to the District Gazetteers of Punjab. An attempt has been made in the present statistical data as far as possible, besides making additions, wherever necessary.

 

            I hope the present volume would be found useful by the research scholars and the general readers.

 

CHANDIGARH                                                                      MRS SHYAMA MANN

8 September, 2000                                                       Financial Commissioner, Revenue,

                                                                                                            Punjab.

PREFACE

 

A Supplement to a District Gazetteers is an adjunct or continuation of the parent volume. It is published as per the decision of the Government of India taken in 1976 that all ten years old volumes of District Gazetteers must have their supplements giving up-to-date statistical data. In pursuance thereof, the Gazetteers Organisation has so far published six supplements. The Supplement to Kapurthala District Gazetteers is seventh in the series.

 

            The present volume supplements the information contained in the revised edition of Kapurthala District Gazetteers published in 1984. An attempt has been made to bring the information/data up-to-date.

 

            In the preparation of this volume the Gazetteers Organisation has been benefited by the able guidance and encouragement given by the Financial Commissioners, Revenue and other officers of the Department from time to time.

 

            I am grateful to Deputy Commissioner, Kapurthala and other officers of the District Administration for extending whole-hearted co-operation for making available the latest information/data for compilation of this volume.

 

            I am thankful to this staff of Gazetteers Organisation especially Sarvshri Rajinder Kumar Gupta, Editior, Shaminder Singh Bains and Neeraj Kumar Singla, Compilers, Dinesh Bedi, Draftman-cum-Artist for their commendable contribution for the prepration of this volume. I am also thankful to Shri Gurinder Singh, Senior Scale Stenographer for his contribution in giving shape to the contents of this volumeand getting it ready for press. My thanks are due to Sharvshri Rajinder Singh Gandhi, Senior Editior (Retd.) and Harinder Pal  Singh, Compiler and all other members of the Gazetteers Organisations for assisting me in the finalization and printing of this supplement.

 

            I am also thankful to the controller, Printing and Stationery, U.T., Chandigarh and his staff for competing the printing work of this volume in time.

 

 

Chandigarh                                                                                  Jagmohan Singh Hans

4 October, 2000                                                                      State Editior, Gazetteers,

                                                                                                             Punjab.

List of the Illustration

 

 

Serial No.

Particulars

1.

Chart showing growth of population in the Kapurthala District 1971 to 1991.

2.

Chart showing Land Utilization in the Kapurthala District 1996-97.

3.

Chart showing number of Education Institutions in the Kapurthala District as on 30 September, 1996.

 

4.

Chart showing Birth rate, Death Rate and Infantile Mortality Rate in the Kapurthala District from 1983-97.

 

5.

Gurudwara Ber Sahib, Sultanpur Lodhi.

6.

Gurudwara Antar Yamta, Sultanpur Lodhi.

7.

Gurudwara Ber Sahib, Village Kasarpur.

8.

Entrance Gate of Shalimar Garden, Kapurthala.

9.

District Courts, Kapurthala.

10.

Jagatjit Club, Kapurthala.

11.

Clock Tower, Kapurthala.

12.

Cannon associated with Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Erstwhile Kapurthala State.

13.

Jubilee Hall (Now Nawab Jassa Singh Ahluwalia Government College), Kapurthala.

 

14.

Old Water Tank, Kapurthala.

15.

New Designed Coach, Manufactured at Rail Coach Factory, Kapurthala.

16.

Interior view of J.C.T. Mills, Phagwara

 

 

 

CHAPTER    I

 

GENERAL

 

            Total Area and Population of the District. - According to the Director of Land Records, Punjab and total area of the Kapurthala District during 1996-97 was 1,678.77 Sq. K.M. According to the 1991 Census, the area of district was 1,633 sq. k.m. The Tehsil-wise area of the District is given below: -

 

Tehsil

Area

(Sq. K.m.)

Kapurthala

675.51

Sultanpur Lodhi

451.02

Phagwara

304.46

Bholath

247.78

                        (Source: - Director of Land Record, Punjab)

 

            According to the 1991 Census, the total population of the district was 6,46,647 persons (3,41,030 males and 3,05,617 females) which was lowest amongst all the district of the State.

 

            Administrative Divisions of the District.- The Kapurthala district consists of 4 tehsils/subdivisions viz. Kapurthala, Sultanpur Lodhi, Phagwara and Bholath(Upgraded as Tehsil/Sub-Division, vide Punjab Government Notification NO. 2/44/94-RE-II(I)/6745, dated 20 July 1995) and one sub-tehsil viz. Dhilwan. The district is divided into five development block i.e. Kapurthala, Nadala, Dhilwan, Sultanpur lodhi and Phagwara. According to the 1991 Census, the district had 699 villages (633 inhabited and 66 inhabited) and 3 towns.

           

            Boundary Changes- No change in the boundaries has taken place in the district since the publication of the main volume of Kapurthala District gazetteer in 1984.

 

Climate

 

(Climate of Punjab - India Meteorological Department, Government of India-1996 pp. 60-63) The climate of this district is characterised be dryness except in the brief monsoon season, a very hot summer and a bracing winter. The year may be divided into four seasons. The cold season for about the middle of November to the early part of March

 

1.                    Upgraded as Tehsil/subdivision, vide Punjab Government Notification No. 2/44/94-RE-II (I)/6745, dated 20 July 1995.

2.                    Climate of Punjab- India Meteorlogical Department, Government of India-1996 pp. 60-63

 

 

 

 

is followed by the hot season which lasts till about the end of June, July, August and the first half of the September constitute the southwest monsoon season. The period from mid-September to about the middle of November may be termed is post monsoon or transition period. Although the tehsils Phagwara is in the Kapurthala District, for the description of the climate, the same has been included in Jalandhar District.

 

            Average Rainfall in the District.-- The monthly average rainfall in the Kapurthala District during1983, 1987 and 1992 to 1996 is given in table 1. Records of rainfall in the district are available for one station for sufficiently long period. The detail of the rainfall at this station is given in table 2 and 3. The average annual rainfall is 778.9 mm. About 71 percent of the annual rainfall in the district is received during the monsoon months July to September. July being the rainiest month. There is also some rainfall during the period December to March is association with passing western disturbances and this amounts to about 12 percent of the annual rainfall. The variation in the rainfall from year to year is large. In 80 year period, the highest annual rainfall which was in 1955, amounted to 163 percent of the average, the lowest annual rainfall was 57 percent of the normal in 1963. In this period annual rainfall was less than 80 percent of the normal occurred in three years only.

 

            There are on the average about 33 rainy days (i.e. days with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more) in a year.

 

            The heaviest rainfall in 24 hours recorded was 339.1 mm on October 1955.

 

Temperature - The meteorological observatory at Kapurthala started functioning recently. Hence the description which follows is based on the records of the observatories in the neighboring districts where similar climatic conditions prevail. After February there is a steady increase in temperatures. June is generally the hottest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at about 41C and the mean daily minimum at about 27C. The hot scorching dust-laden/westerly winds blow during the summer season and on individual days the day temperature may exceed above 45C. With the onset of the southwest monsoon in the district by about the beginning of July there is appreciable drop in the day temperature. The nights, however, are as warm as night in the summer season. On account of the increased moisture in the monsoon air the weather is often sultry and uncomfortable even in the monsoon season in between the rains. With the withdrawal of the monsoon by about in the middle of September there is a rapid drop in the temperature specially night temperatures. January is usually the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature about 19C and the mean daily minimum at 6C. During the winter season, cold waves affect the district in the rear of passing western disturbances and the minimum temperature drop down to about a degree or so below the freezing point.

 

            Humidity- Relative humidity is generally high in the southwest monsoon season. During the rest of the year the air is dry, the driest part of the year being the summer season.

 

            Cloudiness- The skies are generally moderately to heavily clouded during the monsoon season and for in association with passing western disturbances. During the rest of the year the skies are mostly clear of lightly clouded.

 

            Winds- Winds are generally light, during the southwest monsoon season, winds blow generally from directions between southwest to northwest, but on many days in the afternoons, westerly to northwesterly winds also blow. In the rest of the year westerly to northwesterly winds predominate except in the later half of the summer season when easterlies and south easterlies blow on some days.

 

            Special Weather Phenomena- Western disturbances affect the weather over the district during the cold season. Thunderstorms occur in association with these. Thunderstorms are duststroms occur occasionally during the hot season. Rain during the monsoon season is often associated with thunder.

 

 

Table 1

 

Monthly Average Rainfall in the Kapurthala District during 1983, 1987 and 1992 to 1996

 

Year

Jan.

Feb.

March

April

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Total

1983

60.0

32.0

23.0

92.0

20.4

7.0

36.6

210.0

119.0

2.0

-

1.0

603.0

1987

40.0

16.0

9.5

5.0

162.0

6.0

46.0

127.0

-

36.0

-

-

447.5

1992

80.0

43.0

30.0

9.0

7.5

13.5

203.0

118.5

52.5

-

18.8

-

575.8

1993

5.2

4.0

10.2

12.5

7.0

57.5

428.5

18.0

134.0

-

-

-

676.5

1994

53.0

-

16.5

28.5

-

12.0

242.0

129.0

100.5

-

-

14.0

595.5

1995

23.1

94.4

19.0

9.0

6.0

2.4

214.0

18.0

103.0

-

6.0

-

494.9

1996

18.5

79.0

44.0

-

-

149.0

89.0

258.0

89.0

-

0.3

-

726.8

(Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 1984, 1988 and 1993 to 1997 )

 

Table 2

Normal and Extremes of Rainfall in Kapurthala District

 

Station

No of years of Data

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

June

Jul.

Aug.

Sep.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Annual

Highest annual rainfall as per cent of normal and years **

Lowest annual rainfall as percent of normal and years **

Heaviest Rainfall in 24 Hours *

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amount (mm)

Date

KPT

13

a 37.8

23.9

24.5

6.3

8.9

23.6

255.9

174.2

122.1

88.3

3.4

10.0

778.9

163

57

339.1

1955 Oct 5

 

 

b 3.1

1.2

2.3

0.5

0.9

2.1

8.1

7.4

4.3

1.4

0.3

0.9

32.5

(1955)

(1963)

 

 

 

a              Normal rainfall in mm

b              Average number of rainy days (i.e. days with rainfall of 2.5 mm or more)

*              Based on all available data up to 1980

**            Years of occurrence given in brackets

 

 

Table 2

 

Normal and Extremes of Rainfall in Kapurthala District

(Data 1901-1980)

KAPURTHALA

Range (in mm)

No. of the Years

Range (in mm)

No. of Years

401-500

1

901-1000

1

501-600

1

1001-1100

-

601-700

3

1101-1200

-

701-800

-

1201-1300

1

801-900

2

 

 

(Data available for 9 years only)

Chapter II

History

(a) Ancient Period

            It has been established now that the whole of the Kapurthala District was a part of the vast area covered under Indus Valley Civilization developed prior to the Aryan Civilization in this region. The evidence for the prevalence of this ancient civilization in this reign. The evidence fort he prevalence of this ancient civilization in this district of Punjab has been furnished by the discovery of certain sites by the Archaeologists. The important sites pertaining to Indus Valley Civilization in Kapurthala District are as under:

1.      Domeli

2.      Karalan

3.      Bhatnura Kalan

 

6th  Century B C upto A D 1150

From the middle of the 6th Century B C upto AD 1150, the Bist Doab, Jalandhar which included the territories of the present districts of Jalandhar, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur, was dominated by three tribes' viz. Tilakhalas, Trigarthas and Yaudheyas.

 

 

       (b)   Medieval Period

A D 1186 - 1290

During this period, right from the advent of Ghorides upto the death of the last Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din Balban, the history of the Punjab was all chaos, Lahore alone made the area of strifes and rest of the places were very little target of attacks. Kapurthala town did not figure till the rise of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia Misl in the mideighteenth century. However, Sultanpur which was then a district, assumed importance from the military and stratgic view point and that too in AD 1266 when Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din Balban ascended to power. Balban died in 1286.

 

A D 1524

To take full advantage of the disputes between the nobles of Lahore such as Ibrahim Lodhi, Daulat khan Lodi and Alam khan Lodi, Badur captured Dialpur.

 

1525

Death of Daulat Khan Lodi at Sultanpur.

 

1540

Sher Shah Suri had advanced with his forces to the banks of the Beas near Sultanpur with a view of realize that the Mughal Emperor Humayun and his associates were in no position to fight.

        

           Hunayun and his brother instantly abandoned Lahore in October 1540, crossed Ravi and hastened towards Chenab on hearing the news of Sher Shah Suri's advance given by Muzaffar Beg, one of aGeneral of Humayun.

 

1556

Under the administration of the Mughal Emperor Akbar Sultanpur was inhabited by Muslim tribes such as Khaka, Bambas, Afghans and Ghakhars, under the hegemony of the Kashmir ruler ghazi Jhan. In this year Akbar got full control over the territory of the Punjab Province including that of Laying between the Ravi and the Satluj. Akbar made Lahore the capital of India.

 

1598

Khwaja Shamas-ud-Din Khawafi was appointed the Governor of Punjab by Akbar.

 

1600

Death of Khwaja Shamas-ud-Din Khawafi, Zain Khan koka was appointed the Governor of punjab but was soon recalled on account of his being bad character.

 

1601

Mirza Gulij Khan was appointed the Governor of Punjab by Akbar.

 

1605

Death of Akbar.

 

1634

After killing Painda Khan at Kartarpur in a battle with Mughals, the Guru Hargobind reached village Palahi near Phagwara in the Kapurthala District. At Palahi, attack on the Sikhs was sudden. The Guru and the Sikhs fought valienty. Ahmed Khan and Fateh Khan were killed with the result that Mughal force fled away.

        It may be added here that the Guru Hargobind also visited Dumeli, Kala Sangha (Kala Sasnghian), Nadala and Safiabad in the district of Kapurthala. Guru Arjan dev while accompanying the marriage party of his son Hargobind stayed for a might at Sultanpur Lodhi.

 

1658-1707

Aurangzeb started towards Punjab in pursuit of his elder borther Dara Shikoh who had revolted against him, after his coronation ceremony in Delhi.

 

At the death of  Aurangzeb in 1707, the Punjab was divided into six Doabs of which jalandhar Doab was the most significant from the military administration point of view. The Doab consist of many important towns such as Jalandhar, Sultanpur, Kapurthala, Kartarpur, Alwalpur, Sham Chaurasi, Tanda, Phagwara, Mukerian, Rahon, Hishiarpur and Nurmahal.

 

 

Rise of the Sikhs

 

 

     The district of Kapurthala formerly a princely State closely associated with the first and sixth Guru Nanak Dev and Guru Hargobind. Guru Nanak Dev (1469-1539), the founder of sikhism entirely transformed the social life of the people inhabiting the district. Guru Nanak Dev spent 14 years of his life a Sultanpur. During this period there was no conflict between the Sikhs and the Mughals. Guru Nanak Dev worked as a storekeeper in the Modikhana for a number of years. The institution of langer (community kitchen) was primarily started by Guru Nanak Dev at Sultanpur Lodhi.

 

1710

After his victories expeedition of Sirhind, Banda asend one party of the Sikhs across the Satluj to take Sultanpur Lodhi and other places in the Doabs of Jalandhar.

 

1745-1746

Yahiya Khan was appointed Deputy Viceroy of the Punjab on 3 June 1746 be Emperor Muhammad Shah and Jalandhar Doab was uner the Adina Beg Khan-a great politician and statesman of the time.

 

1748

Sardar Jassa Singh (founder of the Kapurthala State) attacked and killed Salabat Khan, the governor of Amritsar, seizing a large portion of the district. He extended his conquest to the edge of the river Beas, defeating Adina Beg the Governor of Jalandhar Doab.

 

1758

Death of Adina Beg Khan.

 

 

(c) Modern Period

 

1763

Jassa Singh proceeded once again to the old battle ground of Sirhind. In this battle Jassa Singh was victorious. Zain Khan the Governor of Sirhind was alain. Jassa Singh made Kapurthala his capital.

 

1783

Jassa Singh Ahluwalia died in 1783. He was succeeded by his second cousin Bhag Singh.

 

1801

Death of Bhag Singh at Kapurthala.

 

1805

Fateh Singh was at Amritsar with Ranjit Singh when in 1805, the Maratha Cheif Jaswant rao Holkar was driven north of the Satluj by Lord Lake's pursuing army, amd it was on his advice that the Maharaja was dissuaded from giving offence to the British by lending countenance to the fugitive prince.

 

1806

On 1 January, 1806 Fateh Singh and Maharaja Ranjit Singh both signed a treaty (called the treaty of Lahore) with the British representative whereby the British undertook not to enter the territories of these trans-Satluj chiefs.

 

 

 

1825

Fateh Singh fled across the Satluj and took refuge at Jagroan then under British protection abandoning his estates in both the Doabs to the Maharaja.

 

1827

The British brought about conciliation between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and latter got back his territories. Fateh Singh was responsible for including the ilagas of Phagwara and Bhunga within his territory.

 

1837

Death of Fateh Singh, He was succeeded by his son Nihal Singh.

 

1841

Death of Amar Singh (Brother of Nihal Singh) by drowning in the Ravi.

 

1845-1846

Out break of the first Anglo-Sikh war on the Satluj.

 

1848-1849

In the second Anglo-Sikh war, Nihal Singh helped the British at the close of the war, he was honoured woth a visit from government general, Lord Dalhousie, who created him am Raja in acknowledgement of his service.

 

1852

Death of Raja Nihal Singh.

 

1853

Randhir Singh succeeded his father.

 

1857

During the Great Rebellion of 1857, Raja Randhir Singh aided the British on the first news of the out break of the revolt. Raja Randhir Singh and his younger brother Kanwar Bikram Singh, marched to Jalandhar at the head of his men and helped the British to hold the Doab, almost denuded of troops, untill the fall of Delhi. In recognition of his services to the British the title "Raja-i-Rajan" bestowed upon him and remission of the year's tribute and permanent reduction in the amount of his tribute payment by Rs. 25,000.

 

1858

Raja Randhir Singh was permitted by Britishers to lead a contingent of his soldiers to Oudh and take part in the subjugation of revolt districts by the British. He with his brother remained in the field for ten month. For all these services to the British, He was rewarded with a grant of istamrai tenure of the two confiscated estates of Baundi and Bithauli (now in Uttar Pradesh). The brother of the Raja Kanwar Bikram Singh, who had accompained the Raja to Oudh, was given a portion of Akauna estate (now in the Uttar Pradesh)

 

1860

The hereditary Jagir Bari Doab which had resumed on the death of Raja Nihal Singh in 1852 restored to the Raja Randhir Singh in lieu of the remission of tribute, in perpetuity. However, civil and police Jurisdiction remained with the British Authority.

1862

The highly praised privilege conferred upon Raja Randhir Singh for his services to the British During the great rebellion of 1857 was that of adoption dated, granted under a sanad of Lord Canning dated 31 March 1862.

 

1864

Raja Randhir Singh received a Insignia of the Grand Commandership in the order of the Star of India (G.C.S. I.) in the public Darbar, at the hands of Lord Lawrence.

 

1869

Raja Randhir Singh took over the property granted by the Britishers in 1858 to Kanwar Bikram Singh under an arbitration order of Sir Henry Davis. Then Chief Commissioner in Oudh. Kanwar Bikram Singh (on receiving instead land in Bariely and Lakhimpur) (now in Uttar Pradesh). Dispute as to the interpretation of will made by Raja Nihal Singh in favour of his sons was settled by Secretary of State for India 1869.

 

1870

Raja Kharak Singh succeeded his father Randhir Singh.

 

1872

Raja Kharak Singh blessed with a son who was named Jagatjit Singh.

 

1875

Due to mental weakness of the Raja Kharak Singh Mr (afterwards Sir) Lepal Griffin appointed Superintendent of the State to manage the affairs.

 

1876

Sir Lepal Griffin was succeeded by Mr (afterwards Sir) Charles.

 

1877

Death of Raja Kharak Singh and he was succeeded by his son Jagatjit Singh.

 

1890

Raja Jagatjit Singh acquired full power of administration in November, 1890.

 

1897

Raja Jagatjit Singh was made Knight Commander of the star of India on the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria.

 

1902

Raja invested with power of life and death over his subjects.

 

1911

Raja Jagatjit Singh was created a G.C.S.I. and granted the title of Maharaja during the coronation Darbar held in Delhi.

 

1924

Annual Nazrana of Rs. 1,31,000 was remitted by the British Government in lieu of the services rendered by the State during World War-I.

 

 

1930-31

A unit of the Praja Mandal was established in the Kaputhala State. The villages in the Bunga pocket of the State surrounded on all sided by the Hoshiarpur District become a centre of Praja Mandal activities. The "Dhut Group" of political workers, as it was called by the Kapurthala administration after the name of their village, was actively associated with the Punjab Ryasti Praja Mandal since 1928. Baba Karam Singh who belonged to village Dhut in the Kapurthala State returned to India in 1930 via Moscow and arrested.

 

1935

Zamindara agitation was started in the Kaputhala State. A conference of the Kapurthala State zamindara was convened at village khaira on 2 Feburary 1935. Another conference of zamindars of Phagwara Ilaga was held at village Musapur near Domeli in 25 February, 1935.

 

1938

Baba Karam Singh was released from the Jail.

 

1939

Baba Karam Singh was again arrested. Baba Karam Singh of Dhut Group was Chairman of the reception committee of the Ludhiana Session of the All India State People's Conference held in 1939 under the Presidentship of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

 

1944

Death of Baba Karam Singh

 

1947

The Kapurthala State opted to remain part of India on the achievement of Independence.

 

1948

On the formation of Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU) on 20, August 1948, Kapurthala State becomes one of its constituent. Maharaja Jagatjit Singh of Kapurthala was appointed Up-Rajpramukh of PEPSU.

 

1949

Death of Maharaja Jagatjit Singh and his son Paramjit Singh succeeded him

 

1955

Death of Paramjit Singh in 1955 and was succeeded by his son Sukhjit Singh.

 

1956

On the merge of Punjab and PEPSU on 1 November 1956, Kapurthala become one of districts of the Punjab and transferred to the Jalandhar Division.

 


CHAPTER III

 

PEOPLE

 

Total Population

            According to the 1991 Census, the population of the Kapurthala District was 6,46,647 (comprising 3,41,030,males and 3,05,617 females) as compared to 5,45,249           ( 2,87,286 males and 2,57,963 females) as per the 1981 Census.

 

Growth of Population

            The population of the Kapurthala District according to the Census was 6,46,647 as against 5,45,249 in 1981 indicating an increase of 1,01,398 persons. The decennial growth rate of population comes to 18.60 per cent (which was 26.95 percent in 1981) as against the State growth rate of 20.81 per cent as per the 1991 Census. The decennial growth rate of the population of the district from 1971 onwards is given below:

 

Year

Persons

Decennial Variation

Percentage Decennial Variation of Population

Males

Females

1971

4,29,514

-

-

2,27,331

2,02,183

1981

5,45,249

1,15,735

(+) 26.96

2,87,286

2,57,963

1991

6,46,647

1,01,398

(+) 18.60

3,41,030

3,05,617

(Census of India, 1991, Series-20, Punjab, Part II-A and II-B, General Population Tables and primary Census Abstract)

 

Distribution of Population between Rural and Urban Areas

 

            As per the 1991 Census, there were 3 towns in the district, viz. Kapurthala, Sultanpur Lodhi and Phagwara*. (Dhilwan, Begowal and Bholath have also been declerad towns thereafter) These entire towns accommodated 25.76 percent of the total population of the district. The Kapurthala District was 29.45 as against the State percent of 28.31. The

 

 

 

*Dhilwan, Begowal and Bholath have also been decided towns thereafter

tehsil-wise distribution Scheduled Castes population in the District according to the 1991 Census is given below:

 

District/ Tehsil

1981

1991

Total

Males

Females

Total

Males

Females

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Kapurthala

68,711

36,154

32,557

89,559

47,266

42,293

Sultanpur Lodhi

21,728

11,519

10,209

27,054

14,340

12,714

Phagwara

56,712

30,225

26,487

73,871

39,325

34,546

Total District

1,47,151

77,898

69,253

1,90,484

1,00,931

89,553

(Census of India, 1981, Series-17, Punjab, Parts XIII-A and B, General Population Tables and Primary Census Abstract and Census of India, 1991 Series-20, Punjab part II-A and II-B, General Population Tables)

 

Distribution of Population by Religion

            The distribution of population by religious in the Kapurthala District as per 1981 and 1991Census is given below: -

 

 

1981

1991

 

Total

Males

Females

Total

Males

Females

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Hindus

2,11,601

1,13,661

97,940

2,28,212

1,23,624

1,04,588

Sikhs

3,28,145

1,70,621

1,57,524

4,11,014

2,13,227

1,97,787

Muslims

2,729

1,508

1,221

3,988

2,299

1,689

Christians

1,868

1,006

862

1,794

976

818

Buddhists

45

24

21

1,215

657

558

Jains

543

287

256

329

166

163

Other Religions

313

176

137

57

43

14

Religion not Stated

5

3

2

38

38

--

Total

5,45,249

2,87,286

2,57,963

6,46,647

3,41,030

3,05,617

(Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 1985 and Census of India 1991, Series-20 Punjab, Part IV-B(ii), Religion Table C-9)

 

Population of Towns

            As per the 1991 Census, only 25.76 percent of the population lived in towns of the Kapurthala District against 25.38 percent according to 1981 Census. This indicates a negligible change in the rural-urban population ratio. The town-wise population in the District as per 1981 and 1991 Census is given below: -

 

Towns

1981

1991

Kapurthala

50,300

64,567

Phagwara

75,961

88,316

Sultanpur Lodhi

12,143

13,722

(Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 1996)

 

Village Classified by Population

            The total number of inhabited villages in the Kapurthala District was 633 (including 66 uninhabited villages) as per the 1991 Census. Their number was 602 as per the 1981 Census. The table given below shows the number of villages classified by various range of population in Kapurthala District according to the 1981 and 1991 Census: -

 

Year

Total number of villages

 

Less than 200

200-499

500-999

1000-1999

2000-1999

5000-9999

10,000 and above

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

      9

1981

602

169

166

143

96

28

--

--

1991

633

158

169

163

93

44

6

--

(Census of India 1981, Series-17, Punjab, part II-A and part II-B General Population Tables and Primary Census Abstract and Census of India 1991, Series-20, Punjab, Part II-A and Part II-B General Population Tables and Primary Census Abstract)


CHAPTER IV

 

AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION

 

The economy of the district continues to be agro-based. According to the 1991 Census 52.85 percent of the total main workers constituted cultivators, agricultural labourers and other allied agricultural workers.

 

Land Utilization

          The total area of the District according to village papers during 1996-97 was 168 thousand hectares; out of which 147 thousand hectares was net area sown. The area under forests was only 2 thousand hectares and the land put to non-agricultural uses was 15 thousand hectares. The area sown more than 140 thousand hectares. The cropping intensity during 1996-97 was 195.24 percent.

           

            The classification of area by land use in the Kapurthala District, during the years 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 and 1996-97 is given below: -

 

Particulars

1982-83

1987-88

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Total area according to village papers

167

167

167

167

167

168

168

Forest

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

 Barren and unculturable land

--

2

3

2

1

1

1

Land put to non-agriculture uses

16

3

17

17

23

16

16

Culturable waste

--

9

3

3

--

--

--

Permanent pastures and other garzing Land

--

--

1

1

(a)

(a)

(a)

Land under misc. tree crops and groves not included in the net area sown

--

--

2

(a)

(a)

--

--

Current fallow

1

16

7

8

7

3

2

Fallow land other than current fallow

--

--

3

1

(a)

1

1

Net area sown

148

135

129

133

133

145

147

Net area sown as percent to total area

89

81

77

80

80

86

87

Area sown more than once

71

103

124

125

121

132

140

Total cropped area

219

238

253

258

257

277

287

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1993 to 1997)

(a) Below 500 hectares

 

 

 

 

Irrigation Facilities

 

            Area Irrigated by different Source of Irrigation: - In Kapurthala District tubewells are the main source of irrigation. In 1982-83, the net area irrigated was 131.5 thousand hectares which increase to 147 thousand hectares in 1996-97.Out of 147.2 thousand hectares of total net area irrigated 125.3 thousand hectares was irrigated by tubewells alone. The percentage of the net area irrigated to net area sown was 8839 in 1982-83 which increased to 100 in 1996-97. The net area irrigated by different source of irrigation in the district for the years 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given below: -

 

Years

Net area irrigated by

Percentage of net area irrigated to net area sown

 

Government Canals

Tubewells and wells

Other Sources

Total

1

2

3

4

5

6

1982-83

2.0

129.5

--

131.5

88.9

1987-88

1.4

128.4

--

129.8

96.1

1992-93

1.0

127.7

--

128.7

99.8

1993-94

0.7

132.7

--

133.4

100.0

1994-95

3.0

120.0

--

123.0

99.2

1995-96

13.0

140.0

--

153.0

98.6

1996-97

22.0

125.2

--

147.2

100.0

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1993 to 1997)

 

Canals – The area irrigated by Bist Doab Canal in the district during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below: -

 

Year

Area irrigated (in hectares)

1982-83

4,828

1987-88

5,016

1992-93

4,727

1993-94

4,271

1994-95

3,962

1995-96

4,019

1996-97

4,066

(Source: Executive Engineer, Bist Doab Division, Jalandhar.)

Major and Subsidiary Crops

 

            Wheat and rice are the principal food crops sown in the Kapurthala District. The other crops grown in the district include maize, sugarcane and oil-seeds.

           

            The area under different crops, their total production in the district during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given in the following statements: -

 

Area under Different Crops                          (Thousand Hectares)

Crops

 

1982-83

1987-88

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1

 

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

 

Cereals

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rice

 

86

86

97

102

101

102

95

Maize

 

5

5

6

6

5

5

4

Wheat

 

109

109

113

118

113

116

104

 

Pulses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mash

 

0.04

0.04

(a)

(a)

(a)

0.1

0.1

Arhar

 

0.1

0.1

(a)

(a)

0.1

0.1

(a)

Mung

 

0.18

0.18

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.3

Massar

 

0.07

0.07

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

 

Oil-Seeds

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Groundnut

 

3.1

3.1

0.8

0.3

0.3

0.2

(a)

Rapeseed and

Mustard

2

2

0.9

0.5

1.0

2.3

3.6

Sesamun

 

0.2

0.2

1.4

1.0

0.5

1.3

0.5

Sunflower

 

--

--

--

2.6

2.7

5

10

Linseed

 

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

--

Other Crops

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sugarcane

 

2.6

2.6

3.9

2.2

3.0

12.6

7.1

Potato

 

2.2

2.2

3.2

0.6

4.4

5.3

2.1

Cotton (Desi)

0.2

0.2

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(a)

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1993 to 1997)

 

(a) Less than 50 Hectares

Production of Different Crops                       (Thousand metric Tones)

Crops

 

1982-83

1987-88

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1

 

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

 

Cereals

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rice

 

204

268

296

329

322

269

290

Maize

 

18

6

13

15

11

11

10

Wheat

 

267

395

438

463

467

442

439

 

Pulses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mash

 

0.1

--

--

--

--

(b)

--

Arhar

 

--

0.1

--

--

0.1

--

--

Mung

 

--

0.1

--

--

0.1

0.1

0.3

Massar

 

--

0.1

--

--

--

--

--

Oil-Seeds

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Groundnut

 

7

2

--

--

--

--

--

Rapeseed and

Mustard

--

2

0.9

0.6

1.2

2.6

2.7

Sesamun

 

--

0.1

0.4

0.4

0.2

0.5

0.2

Sunflower

 

--

--

--

4.2

3.5

8

16.0

Linseed

 

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

Other Crops

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sugarcane

 

25

16

28

15

17

73

41

Potato

 

16

44

68.3

10.7

84

95.9

30.7

Cotton (Desi)

0.21

--

0.11

--

--

--

--

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1993 to 1997)

 

(b) Less than 50 Metric Tonnes

 

High yielding Varieties

            Since 1965 high yielding varieties of seeds have been in use. These seeds are the principal cause behind increasing agricultural production. High yielding varieties of seeds especially relating to the wheat, bajra, rice and maize have been evolved. National Seed Corporation has been set up for more production and proper distribution of these seeds. The high yielding varieties of different crops sown in the district in the given below: -

 

 

 

 

 

 

Name of the Crop

Variety

Rice

PR 108, PR 110, PR 111, IR 8 Jaya, Pusa 44, Basmati 379, Basmati 386

Wheat

PBW 343, WH 542, PBW 154, PDW 233, PBW 34, PBW 373, Raj 3765 PBW 138, TL 1210, PBW 299, PBW 175

Maize

Partap, Sartaj, Navjot, Prabhat, Paras, Kanchan, kesri, PUNJAB SATHI No. 1

(Source: - Chief Agricultural Officer, Kapurthala.)

 

Fruit Crops

            Citrus (Fruits Kinnow, Orange, Malta and Lemon). Mangoes, pear and guava are the important fruit crops in the District. The area under different fruit crop in the district has been increased from 1,198 hectares in 1987-88 to 2,405 hectares in 1996-97. The area ender different fruit crops in Kapurthala District during the years 1987-88,and 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below: -

 

Serial No.

Name of Fruit Crop

1987-88

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1

Kinnow

446

742

744

752

753

753

2

Orange and Malta

18

125

128

130

131

131

3

Lemon

29

35

35

35

35

52

4

Mangoes

113

273

325

361

397

407

5

Lichi

6

11

18

20

20

20

6

Guava

164

216

148

256

281

305

7

Pear

309

419

431

433

440

441

8

Peach

74

167

174

181

189

194

9

Plum

2

2

2

2

2

2

10

Grapes

17

23

25

26

27

31

11

Ber

8

14

20

23

28

31

12

Misc.

12

26

27

30

33

38

13

Total

1,198

2,053

2,077

2,249

2,336

2,405

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1993 to 1997)

 

Co-operation

            Co-operative Farming Society: - Co-operative farming is a system under which small farmers pool their holdings and form a society to achieve the economics of large scale farming. However, the members retain the ownership of their holdings. The number of co-operative farming societies functioning in the district during 19987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below:-

 

Year

Number of the co-operative farming societies

1982-83

64

1987-88

64

1992-93

46

1993-94

28

1994-95

26

1995-96

26

1996-97

26

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1993 to 1997)

 

Fertilizer and Manures

            Chemical Fertilizers: - The fertilizers play an important role to increase the productivity of agriculture. The consumption of chemical fertilizers in the district has remained almost constant since 1982-83.

                        The table given below shows the use of fertilizers in the district during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97: -

 

 

Year

Fertilizers (Nutrient Tones)

Nitrogenous

(N)

Phosphatic

(P2O5)

Potassic

(K2O)

Total

(NPK)

1982-83

31

10

2

43

1987-88

35

14

1

50

1992-93

31

9

1

41

1993-94

33

9

--

42

1994-95

36

8

2

46

1995-96

32

7

1

40

1996-97

35

7

1

43

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1993 to 1997)

 

Manures – Manures play an important role in improving the agricultural production. Rural compost and cattle-dung manure (farmyard manure), green manure and town compost are the main local manorial resources. The quantity of rural compost and town compost prepared and area under green manuring in the Kapurthala District, during 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below : -

 

 

Year

Rural Compost (Lakh metric Tonnes)

Town Compost

(Metric Tonnes)

Area Under green manuring

( Thousand hectares)

1

2

3

4

1987-88

16.20

2,099

19.08

1992-93

30.80

164

30.00

1993-94

37.70

136

24.80

1994-95

35.80

243

21.50

1995-96

23.50

136

22.00

1996-97

8.60

133

14.00

(Source: Field Manure-cum-Town Compost Officer, Punjab, S.A.S. Nagar)

 

Livestock

            Animal Husbandry: - Livestock occupies a pivotal position in the life of the people especially in rural areas. It is still being used as a source of draught power in agricultural operations and transportation. Livestock provides essential food of animal origin like milk, meat, eggs, better nourishment besides, wool, manure, fuel skin, hides and bone meal. Livestock keeping alongwith marketing services, manufacture of livestock products, inputs and other subsidiary and supporting industries offer a great scope of gainful employment to the expanding labour force, small and marginal farmers and agricultural labourers and thus helps raising standard of living of rural population especially of weaker sections of society.

            The number of livestock in Kapurthala District in the 1977 and 1990 Livestock Census is given below: -

(In thousands)

Particular

1977

1990

Cattle

104..2

92.7

Buffaloes

157.9

161.5

Horses and Ponies

1.7

0.3

Donkeys

0.5

0.1

Mules

0.1

@

Sheep

2.0

0.6

Goats

13.7

5.7

Camels

@

@

Pigs

1.4

0.2

Others

--

--

Total

317.5

261.1

Poultry

117.6

330.1

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1986 and 1996)

 

@ Less than 50

 

Fisheries

            At the District level the affairs of the Fisheries Department are looked after by the Assistant Director, Fisheries, Kapurthala. The district has also been brought under the Fish Farmer's Development Agency (FFDA) since 1990-91. The FFDA provides timely subsidy and technical know how to the farmers to undertake fishers activities. It also renders assistance to the farmers in getting credit from financial institutions.

            The fisheries resources in the district include village ponds, canals, drains, rivers and reservoirs. The Department has set up one Fish Seed Farm at Shikargarh in the district. The income from supply of fish seed (fingerlings) to the farmers and area under fisheries in the district during 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given below:

 

Year

Income from sale of fish Seed (Rs.)

Area under fisheries (Hectares)

1992-93

1,87,000

142.80

1993-94

1,97,900

182.70

1994-95

2,29,535

231.00

1995-96

2,12,375

316.00

1996-97

1,89,070

199.00

(Source: Assistant Director, Fishers, Kapurthala)

 

Forests

            The area under forests in the district during 1996-97 was 1,883.3 Hectares which come to about 1.1 percent of its total area. The area under forest in the district includes plantation along rail, road and canal strips. The area under control of the Forest Department under different categories in the Kapurthala District, during 1996-97 was as under:

 

Particulars

Area

(Hectares)

(A)

Protected Forests

 

 

(i)

Demarcated Protected Forests

299.14

 

(ii)

Undemarcated Protected

--

 

(iii)

Canal Strips

440.00

 

(iv)

Road Strips

420.00

 

(v)

Rail Strips

207.00

(B)

(vi)

Forest under section 38 of Indian Forest Act, 1927

--

(C)

 

Unclassified Forests

516.76

 

 

 

1,883.30

(Source: Divisional Forest Officer, Jalandhar Forest Division, Phillaur)


Forest Produce- The annual income from the sale of forest produce in the district during the years 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given as under:

 

Year

Major product

(Rs)

Minor Product

(Rs)

1982-83

58,145.00

7,895.00

1987-88

13,850.00

--

1992-93

48,991.00

7,600.00

1993-94

8,29,058.00

8,350.00

1994-95

3,06,040.00

11,900.00

1995-96

3,72,500.00

19,160.00

1996-97

20,900.00

29,800

 

16,69,484.00

84,705.00

(Source: Divisional Forest Officer, Jalandhar Forest Division, Phillaur)

 

Floods

            Damage caused to crops, houses and human lives lost by heavy rains and floods in the Kapurthala District during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given below :

 

Year

No. of villages/ towns affected

Area affected (sq.Km.)

Human lives lost

(No.)

Damage caused to area under crops (hectares)

Value of crops damaged ('000)

Private house damaged (Number)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1982-83

--

--

--

--

--

--

1987-88

--

--

--

--

--

--

1992-93

149

7

3

6,960

--

1,944

1993-94

418

615

13

25,097

--

7,827

1994-95

401

343

11

34,366

1,50,467

4,162

1995-96

41

343

--

--

--

--

1996-97

--

--

1

--

--

135

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1992 to 1997)

CHAPTER V

 

INDUSTRIES

 

            The progress of Industrial development has been maintained in the Kapurthala District even after the Independence. The district occupies a respectable position on the industrial units are concentrated in the towns of Phagwara and Kapurthala. With the establishment of Rail Coach Factory at Kapurthala in 1987 another feather has been added to the district.  the number of the registered working factories under each category and workers employed therein, in the district for the year 1996 is given below:

 

Serial No.

Name of the Factory

Number of the Factories

Number of the Workers

1.

Manufacture of Food Products

104

3,286

2.

Manufacture of Beverage, Tobacco and Related Products

1

3,028

3.

Manufacture of Cotton Textile

3

4,042

4.

Manufacture of Wood and Wood Product

55

353

5.

Manufacture of paper and paper products

13

117

6.

Manufacture of Leather and Fur products

4

155

7.

Manufacture of Chemical and Chemical Products

8

435

8.

Manufacture  of Rubber and Plastic products

6

214

9.

Manufacture of Non-Metallic mineral products

12

466

10.

Manufacture of Metal and Alloy Products

13

221

11.

Manufacture of Metal Products

13

217

12.

Manufacture of Machinery and Machine Tools and Manufacture of Electrical Machines

119

1,887

13.

Manufacture of Transport Equipments Parts

30

461

14.

Other Manufacturing Industries

4

56

15.

Storage and Ware Housing

2

44

16.

Personal Services

1

25

17.

Repair Sevices

3

187

18.

Electricity

5

135

 

TOTAL

396

15,329

 (Source : Labour Commissioner, Punjab)

 

Large and Medium Scale-Industries - There were 7 industries scale Sector in the district in the large and medium scale sector during 1982-83, which rose to 9 during 1996-97. The detail of these units is given below:

Serial No.

Name of the Factory

Year of Starting

Numbers of the workers

Products

1.

Oswal Agro Mills Pvt. Ltd. ( Sugar Division) Phagwara.

1933

585

Sugar

2.

Markfed Refined Oil and Allied Industries, Kapurthala

1976

138

Refined Groundnut Oil, Mustard Oil, Rice- Bran Oil and Cattle Feed

3.

Sukjit Starch and Chemicals Ltd., Phagwara

1944

603

Maize, Starch Liquid, Glucose and Dextrose Monohydrate

4.

Jagatjit Industries Ltd., Jagatjit Nagar, (Phagwara)

1945

3,789

Portable Liquor, Carbon Dioxide, Malted milk Food and  Malt Extraction

5.

J.C.T. Ltd., Phagwara

1951

6,354

Yarn, Waste Yarn and Cloth

6.

Jain Solvex and Export Industries, Kapurthala

1980

29

Rice-Bran oil and Deoiled Rice-Bran

7.

Rail Coach Factory, Hussainpur (Kapurthala)

1988

6,980

Railway Coaches

8.

Anand Aggarwal Oil Pvt. Ltd., (Unit-I) Village Sheikhpur,

 (Tehsil Kapurthala)

1978

41

Edible Oils and Non-edible Oils Solvex Oil Extraction and Rice-Bran Oil

9.

Anand Aggarwal Oil Pvt. Ltd., (Unit-II) Village Dhaudianwala,

 (Tehsil Kapurthala)

1980

35

Dehydration of Non-edible Oils

(Director of Industries and Commerce, Punjab, Chandigarh)

 

            There were 257 registered working factories with 11,155 workers in 1982 in the district. Their number and workers therein increased to 396 and 15,329 respectively during 1996.

            The year-wise progress of registered working factories and workers employed therein in Kapurthala District During 1982 to 1996 is given in the following table : -

 

Year

Number of Factories

Number of Workers

1982

257

11,155

1987

311

13,341

1992

373

15,934

1993

377

15,461

1994

401

15,650

1995

392

15,142

1996

396

15,329

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1992 to 1997)

 

SOURCES OF POWER

 

Energy is vital input for fueling speedy economic growth. Renewable and non-renewable sources of energy are its two constituents. Renewable sources of energy include hydro-power, fuel, wood, biogas, solar, wind, geo-thermal and tidal-power, Non- renewable sources of energy include coal, oil and gas. The main source of power in the State all along has been the hydro-electric power. Three perennial rivers flow through the State and these alongwith falls on canals are being exploited to generate electricity.

 

            Power Consumption in the District - Electricity is the main source of power in the Kapurthala District among the other source of power. The total power consumed in the District during 1982-83 was 237.3 million K.W.H. which increased to 5,973 Million K.W.H. The detail regarding the consumption of electricity in the district are given below: -

 

(Million K.W.H.)

Year

Domestic

Commercial

Industrial

Agricultural

Others

Total

1982-83

23.5

5.4

101.5

105.9

1.0

237.3

1987-88

32.5

7.2

105.1

223.5

2.9

371.2

1992-93

58.0

12.4

136.8

316.2

4.9

528.3

1993-94

64.7

13.6

137.7

329.4

5.0

550.4

1994-95

84.3

16.1

140.8

329.4

5.9

576.5

1995-96

99.00

19.1

143.6

293.5

6.4

561.6

1996-97

108.8

20.6

168.6

293.5

5.8

597.3

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1992 to 1997)

 

State Aid of Industries

            Prior to 1981-82 the industrial units in the State were eligible for grants-in-aid and subsidy on the loans advanced under the Punjab State Aid to Industries Act, 1935. But this practice has been discontinued and now the incentives to the industrial units set up ion the State are given under various industrial policies framed by the State Government from time to time. Under these industrial policies the industrial units functioning in the district are entitled to various incentives on the land, building, taxation, etc.

           

            Punjab Financial Corporation, Chandigarh. - The corporation was established in 1953 under the State Financial Corporation Act, 1951, with the object of providing medium and long-term loans for setting up new small and medium scale industrial units as well as expansions, diversification and modernization of existing units in the State. The details of loans sanctioned and disturbed by the Corporation in the district during 1987-8, 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below:

 

(Rs. in lakh)

Year

Sanctions

Disbursements

1987-88

39.08

10.16

1992-93

8.00

16.00

1993-94

6.00

6.00

1994-95

132.00

--

1995-96

33.00

116.00

1996-97

10.00

9.00

(Source: - Punjab Financial Corporation, Chandigarh)

 

Jail Industries- The industries run in the Jail enable the prisoners to learn different trades. This training proves useful to the prisoners after their release from the jail. During the training period in the jail, the prisoners are paid remuneration. The average number of prisoners employed in the Jail industries, total production and gross profit in the District Jail, Kapurthala are given below:

 

Year

Daily average of prisoners working in the Industry

Production

(Rs.)

Gross Profit

(Rs.)

1983-84

22.08

42,018

4,201

1987-88

16.66

63,481

6,172

1992-93

5.92

1,00,531

10,053

1993-94

4.44

73,193

7,319

1994-95

2.97

15,328

1,533

1995-96

3.80

37,318

1,333

1996-97

2.00

17,550

1,755

(Source: - Superintendent, District Jail, Kapurthala)

 

            Khadi and Village Industries - Punjab khadi and village Industries Board provides financial assistance up to Rs 25 lakhs, to set up village industries in the rural areas. Margin money subsidy at the rate of 25 percent is given on the projects up to Rs. 10 lakhs and 10 percent on remaining cost on the projects exceeding Rs 10 lakhs. Products manufactured by the units financed by the Board are exempted from the sales tax.

 

            The detail of important cottage and village industries functioning in Kapurthala District during 1996-97 are given below:-

           

Serial No.

Name of the Industry

Number of Units

Employment

Production

(Rs in Lakh)

Main Product

1.

Processing of Cereals and pulses

80

167

28.75

Masala, Papad and Bharbhuja

2.

Gur and Khandsari

89

345

40.07

Gur and Khandsari

3.

Soap

2

14

18.70

Soap

4.

Bee keeping

5

5

0.34

Honey

5.

Pottery

116

203

20.30

Bricks, Earthern Pots

6.

Fibre

253

506

52.00

Rope

7.

Carpentry and Blacksmith

234

855

238.80

Agricultural Implements and Furniture

8.

Lime

5

33

7.75

Sand Jally

9.

Bamboo and Cane

182

322

37.80

Cane Furniture and Baskets

10.

Marketing (Sale Department)

2

6

3.70

----

11.

Fruit Preservation

11

22

4.20

Fruit and vegetable preservation

12.

Service

21

29

----

----

13.

Textile

25

25

----

----

14.

Electronics

10

10

4.30

Computers and Electronic Items

15.

Hand made paper

5

5

1.65

Exercise books, Card board, Envelops

16.

Leather

218

389

120.60

Leather Products

(Source  : Punjab Khadi and Gram Udyog Board, Chandigarh)

 

Statistics of Trade Unions. -  The particulars of trade unions, registered under the trade Union Act. 1926, functioning in the district as on 31 March 1997, are given below :

 

Serial No.

Name of the Trade Union

Date of Registration

1.

Jagatjit Kapra Mill Mazdoor Union, Phagwara

8 October 1952

2.

Jagatjit Sugar Mills Mazdoor Union, Phagwara

24 October 1956

3.

Jagatjit Cotton Textile Mill Mazdoor Samaj, Phagwara.

5 September 1959

4.

Sukhjit Starch and Chemical Workers Union, Phagwara

26 October 1962

5.

General Metal and Engineering Workers Union, Kapurthala

1963

6.

Jagatjit Kapra Mill Trade Union, Phagwara

1 January 1964

7.

Sugar Mills Labour Union, Phagwara

30 January 1967

8.

Distillery and Allied Industries Limited, Labour Union, Jagatjit Industries, Hamira

1 June 1967

9.

Mechanical Karamchari Sangh, Phagwara

20 February 1969

10.

Leather and Rubber Karmchari Sangh, Kapurthala

8 October 1969

11.

Jagatjit Distillary Mazdoor Union, Hamira

6 January 1983

12.

District General Engineering Worker’s Union, Kapurthala

16 March 1983

13.

Jagatjit Industries Karamchari Sangh, Hamira

25 May 1987

14.

Rail Coach Factory Union, Hussainpur (Kapurthala).

1988

15.

Rail Coach Factory Union,  Kapurthala.

13 September 1988

16.

District Bhatta Worker’s Union Phagwara

7 July 1990

(Source:  Labour Commissioner, Punjab, Chandigarh)

 

            Role of Industrial Co-operatives – Poor artisans with meager money unite together, and form industrial co-operative. Providing employment to the members of weaker section of the society and to uplift their standard of living is the main aim of the industrial co-operatives. These societies are the only source through which the poor artisans are able to get various facilities like financial assistance, supply of the raw material, marketing, etc.

            The following table shows the number and membership of the industrial co-operative societies along with the value of goods produced in the district during the year 1996-97: -

 

Name of the Industry

Number of Industrial Co-operative Societies

Membership

Value of good produce

Handloom Weaving

8

91

8.28

Khadi and Village Industries

24

336

26.64

Small-Scale Industries

70

1540

180.45

(Source: - Deputy Registrar, Co-operative Societies, Kapurthala.)

 

            The progress made by the Industrial Co-operative societies in the district during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below: -

 

Year

Number of the Industrial Co-operative Societies

Membership

Share Capital (Rs. In lakh)

Working Capital (Rs. in Lakh)

Production (Rs. In Lakh)

Sales

(Rs. In Lakh)

1982-83

314

13,110

20.62

159.41

324.13

285.80

1987-88

235

7,525

48.30

280.87

298.25

245.10

1992-93

151

3,821

42.50

260.40

305.40

277.40

1993-94

130

2,591

36.38

167.15

425.15

387.15

1993-95

101

1,956

48.36

178.80

445.20

390.75

1995-96

102

1,967

49.35

178.84

238.15

178.80

1996-97

102

1,967

49.70

179.85

225.40

202.05

(Source: - Deputy Registrar, Co-operative Societies, Kapurthala.)

CHAPTER VI

 

BANKING, TRADE AND COMMERCE

 

Town and Villages having Bank Offices

 

            Since the nationalization of banks in 1969 and in urban as well rural areas. As a result all the towns and large villages of the district one or more bank branches. To provide banking facilities to all the villages, the Reserve Bank of India started ‘Service Area Approach Scheme’ in 1988-89. Under this scheme each bank branch in rural and semi-urban area serves a designated area of about 15 to 20 villages in the neighborhood. This scheme provided banking facilities to all the villages of the district.

 

            Commercial and Nationalized Bank: - There is no commercial bank registered in the Kapurthala District. The list of the bank branches functioning in the district as on 31 March 1997, are given below: -

 

Name of the Bank

Branches

Date of opening

1

Allahabad Bank

1

Kapurthala

14 July 1969

 

 

2

Phagwara

17 October 1975

2

Bank of Baroda

1

Phagwara

16 May 1975

 

 

2

Ramidi

27 June 1981

 

 

3

Mauli

27 December 1978

 

 

4

Mehtan

2 March 1981

3

Bank of India

1

Phagwara

16 January 1978

4

Bank of Punjab Ltd.

1

Phagwara

7 march 1997

5

Canara Bank

1

Kapurthala

26 December 1978

 

 

2

Phagwara

30 November 1971

 

 

3

Kapurthala

20 December 1984

 

 

4

Kapurthala

8 November 1993

6

Central Bank of India

1

Phagwara

17 July 1958

 

 

2

Kapurthala

12 January 1973

 

 

3

Phagwara

9 March 1973

7

Corporation Bank

1

Phagwara

26 October 1993

8

Indian Bank

1

Kapurthala

18 December 1975

 

 

2

Phagwara

10 September 1976

9

Indian Overseas Bank

1

Kapurthala

30 march 1973

10

Jammu and Kashmir Bank

1

Phagwara

16 July 1976

11

Kapurthala Firozpur Kshetriyan Bank

1

Kapurthala

30 March 1983

 

2

Dalla

10 November 1983

 

 

3

Lakhan Kalan

11 November 1983

 

 

4

Bajaj

7 March  1984

 

 

5

Jagatpura Jatta

2 May 1984

 

 

6

Fattu Dhinga

29 October 1984

 

 

7

Paramjitpur

19 November 1984

 

 

8

Dhaliwal Dona

7 December 1984

 

 

9

Wadala Kalan

21 December 1984

 

 

10

Khallu

31 January 1985

 

 

11

Nangal Lubana

6 March 1987

 

 

12

Ibban

3 April 1987

 

 

13

Bhulla Rai

8 April 1987

 

 

14

Sangatpur

8 April 1987

12

Oriental Bank of Commerce

1

Phagwara

20 October 1970

 

 

2

Panchhat

28 September 1971

 

 

3

Kapurthala

6 September 1995

 

 

4

Begowal

6 December 1996

 

 

5

Phagwara

14 December 1996

13

The Punjab State Co-operative Agricultural Land Development Bank

1

Kapurthala

13 November 1965

 

2

Phagwara

16 December 1969

 

 

3

Sultanpur Lodhi

16 December 1969

 

 

4

Bholath

12 September 1989

14

Punjab and Sind Bank

1

Khera Dona

4 November 1970

 

 

2

Nadala

15 June 1970

 

 

3

Sultanpur Lodhi

19 November  1969

 

 

4

Phagwara

3 September 1971

 

 

5

Kapurthala

4 October 1973

 

 

6

Chachoki

26 November 1973

 

 

7

Ranipur

24 December 1973

 

 

8

Palahi

26 Decmber 1973

 

 

9

Phagwara

27 August 1975

 

 

10

Surkhpur

24 December 1976

15

Punjab National Bank

1

Phagwara

14 July 1969

 

 

2

Phagwara

17 April 1951

 

 

3

Kapurthala

22 June 1968

 

 

4

Rehana Jattan

27 June 1968

 

 

5

Talwandi Choudrian

14 September 1972

 

 

6

Tibba

14 September 1973

 

 

7

Sultanpur Lodhi

1 January 1976

 

 

8

Maksudpur

13 November 1976

 

 

9

Dhaliwal Bet

30 November 1976

 

 

10

Sheikhupur

2 December 1976

 

 

11

Jagpalpur

13 September 1977

 

 

12

Baliar Khanpur

21 April 1980

 

 

13

Mothanwala

18 July 1980

 

 

14

Begowal

26 September 1980

 

 

15

Kabirpur

17 December 1981

 

 

16

Phagwara

10 September 1978

 

 

17

Deepanwali

28 December 1988

 

 

18

Dhilwan

22 April 1968

 

 

19

Kapurthala

12 August 1968

 

 

20

Kala Sanghian

19 April 1969

 

 

21

Phagwara

1 October 1970

 

 

22

Begowal

4 December 1970

 

 

23

Sidhwan Dona

27 December 1971

 

 

24

Bhandal Bet

22 August 1977

 

 

25

Ramgarh

18 December 1979

 

 

26

Manakwahid

23 January 1980

16

Bank of India

1

Phagwara

1 July 1955

 

 

2

Kapurthala

22 November 1972

 

 

3

Khajurla

27 December 1971

 

 

4

Phagwara

9 October 1950

 

 

5

Kapurthala

9 October 1950

 

 

6

Sultanpur Lodhi

1 October 1950

 

 

7

Kapurthala

20 November 1976

 

 

8

Phagwara

6 February 1981

 

 

9

Lakhan ke Padde

14 December 1982

 

 

10

Dhilwan

29 January 1930

 

 

11

Kapurthala

16 March 1988

 

 

12

Begowal

11 February 1997

 

 

13

Phagwara

31 March 1997

17

The Kapurthala Central co-operative Bank Limited

1

Kapurthala

16 July 1920

 

2

Bholath

23 October 1968

 

 

3

Sultanpur Lodhi

26 August 1964

 

 

4

Phagwara

1 July 1967

 

 

5

Nadala

19 May 1977

 

 

6

Kala Sanghian

4 April 1969

 

 

7

Talwandi Choudriyan

30 August 1966

 

 

8

Ranipur

23 March 1978

 

 

9

Baliarkhanpur

8 November 1977

 

 

10

Dhilwan

28 November 1975

 

 

11

Ramgarh

30 September 1977

 

 

12

Begowal

13 May 1991

 

 

13

Wahid At Manak

1 February 1978

 

 

14

Jagatpur Jattan

23 September 1978

 

 

15

Tibba

7 November 1977

 

 

16

Rehana Jattan

21 March 1987

 

 

17

Rawalpindi

17 March 1977

 

 

18

Sheikhupur

18 December 1978

 

 

19

Abrahim Wala

5 August 1978

 

 

20

Surkhpur

4 August 1978

 

 

21

Didwindi

23 September 1978

 

 

22

Kabirpur

23 September 1978

 

 

23

Bhandal Bet

8 May 1991

 

 

24

Sidhwan Dona

13 May 1991

 

 

25

Wadala Kalan

23 September 1978

 

 

26

Khajurla

17 June 1991

 

 

27

Panchhat

17 June 1991

 

 

28

Palahi

24 June 1991

 

 

29

Lakhan Ke Padde

23 February 1998

 

 

30

Dialpur

1 August 1998

18

U.C.O. Bank

1

Bholath

17 December 1968

 

 

2

Phagwara

17 May 1977

 

 

3

Kapurthala

25 May 1994

19

Union Bank of India

1

Phagwara

4 March 1993

20

United Bank of India

1

Phagwara

12 November 1969

21

Vijaya Bank

1

Kapurthala

28 December 1976

 

 

2

Phagwara

15 December 1976

(Source: - Reserve Bank of India, Chandigarh, and Manager, The Kapurthala Central Co-operative Bank limited, Kapurthala)

 

            Deposits and Advances -  The total deposits and advance of Commercial Banks on Kapurthala District during the year 1983, 1987 and 1993 to 1997 are given below: -

 

(As on Last Friday of March)

Year

Deposits

(Rs. In Lakh)

Advances

( Rs. In Lakhs)

1983

138.96

39.72

1988

316.68

74.93

1993

673.40

129.28

1994

789.67

137.00

1995

950.04

180.30

1996

1,148.33

214.88

1997

1,339.25

248.44

(Source: - Reserve Bank of India, Mumbai)

 

            Moneylenders – There was no registered money-lender functioning in the Kapurthala District during 1996-97.

 

Insurance -    

            After the nationalization of insurance sector in 1956. Life Insurance Corporation of India has become the sole agency for life insurance. It started the general business in 1964. But in 1973, the general insurance business was separated and the General Insurance Corporation was formed.

 

            The Life Insurance Corporation of India has been functioning in Kapurthala District through; its two branches, one in Kapurthala and other one at Phagwara. The number of Development Officers and Agents in Kapurthala branch were 8 and 236 respectively whereas in the Phagwara branch their number was 9 and 205. The general insurance business is being done in the district by four sub-sidiary companies of the General Insurance. The business secured by the Kapurthala and Phagwara branches of the Life Insurance Corporation of India in the Kapurthala District during 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below: -

 

Year

Number of Policies

Amount Assured

(000’ Rs)

1987-88

5,517

1,75,359

1992-93

7,209

3,27,566

1993-94

7,036

3,37,536

1994-95

6,325

3,76,200

1995-96

7,129

3,73,256

1996-97

7,083

4,05,741

(Source: - Senior Divisional Manager, Life Insurance Corporation of India, Jalandhar)

 

Small Savings

            The gross and net achievements under the small savings in the district during 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below: -

(Rs. In Lakhs)

Year

Gross Achievements

Net Achievements

1992-93

3,487.26

1,241.32

1993-94

6,149.51

2,165.33

1994-95

7,182.61

3,416.68

1995-96

7,893.51

3,420.94

1996-97

8,240.40

3,716.90

(Source: - District Small Savings Officer, Kapurthala)

 

Growth of Co-operative Societies

            Co-operative movements has proved to be above for the agricultural sector due to its marvelous achievements in the past green revolution period. These societies help on providing adequate and homely supply of credit and other agricultural inputs at reasonable rates. There were 106 agricultural credit societies and 12 non- agricultural credit societies functioning in the Kapurthala District during 1996-97.

 

            Detail regarding the working of the agricultural and non-agricultural co-operative societies functioning in the Kapurthala District during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given below: -

(Rs. In Lakhs)

Year

Number of Co-operative Societies

Membership (Number)

Share Capital

Loan Advanced

Deposits

Government

Others

Agricultural Co-operative Credits Societies

 

 

1982-83

100

66,338

33.21

134.21

1,341.74

1,171.49

1987-88

100

72,261

51.37

168.27

1,184.77

1,013.53

1992-93

106

91,930

30.83

227.89

2,078.37

1,966.91

1993-94

106

84,266

23.98

240.06

2,318.36

2,173.16

1994-95

106

84,859

27.03

250.06

2,592.64

2,554.78

1995-96

106

85,659

24.89

256.84

3,087.71

2,879.64

1996-97

106

89,276

19.76

292.98

3,635.99

3,101.36

Non Agricultural Co-operative Credits Societies

 

 

1982-83

44

10,459

---

6.20

21.97

17.19

1987-88

44

11,627

---

7.42

37.10

8.83

1992-93

41

10,915

---

20.00

14.49

18.12

1993-94

12

18,019

---

26.65

3.87

31.75

1994-95

12

18,019

---

28.65

4.55

31.08

1995-96

12

18,023

---

28.71

5.11

17.48

1996-97

12

18,198

---

48.68

178.60

32.27

(Source: - Deputy Registrar, Co-operative Societies, Kapurthala)

 

            Co-operative Market Societies – Co-operative Marketing Societies came into being under the Punjab Co-operative Societies Act, 1954 to protect the farmers from the malpractices of arhitias. These societies also provide storage facilities to the interested farmers, who want to dispose of their produce at a later stage. There were eight co-operative marketing societies functioning in the Kapurthala District during 1996-97. The work done by these societies in he district 1996-97. The work done by these societies in the district during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 in the table given below: -

 

(Rs. In Lakh)

Year

Number of Societies

Membership individuals

Paid up share capital

Working capital

Value of goods marketed

1982-83

9

1,704

7.48

71.87

189.43

1987-88

9

1,714

7.29

73.42

229.64

1992-93

9

1,521

6.08

78.46

584.61

1993-94

9

1,527

5.27

79.98

1,270.95

1994-95

9

1,642

5.60

90.13

2,848.09

1995-96

8

1,643

7.73

91.74

2,012.34

1996-97

8

1,647

9.55

94.56

1,108.24

(Source: - Deputy Registrar, Co-operative Societies, Kapurthala)

 

Regulated Markets

            In order to ensure fair price to agricultural produce and to protect the farmers from unfair and unhealthy market practices, the Punjab Government passed the Punjab Agricultural Produce Market Act, 1961. Under the Act, Market Committees are formed at every regulated market to help the sale and purchase of agricultural produce.

 

            As on 31 March, 1997, there were 5 regulated markets functioning at Bholath, Dhilwan, Kapurthala, Phagwara and Sultanpur Lodhi in the Kapurthala District. The arrival of important agricultural commodities in these markets during 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given in the following table: -

 

Arrival of Agricultural Produce (in quintals) in various Market Committees of Kapurthala District

During 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97

 

Sr. No.

Name of Market Committee and year

Wheat

Gram

Bar-ley

Maize

Paddy

Jowar

Bajra

Gur

Potat-oes

Grou-ndnut

Cottons

American

Desi

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

1.

Bholath

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1987-88

2,92,267

---

---

---

6,06,578

2

105

4

595

---

---

---

 

1992-93

4,08,962

---

---

---

5,86.535

---

---

---

2,930

---

---

---

 

1993-94

5,67,263

---

---

---

6,24,858

---

---

---

3,495

---

---

---

 

1994-95

5,20,221

---

---

---

6,03,483

---

---

---

4,421

---

---

---

 

1995-96

5,34,979

---

---

---

4,72,714

---

---

---

3,507

---

---

---

 

1996-97

3,92,081

---

---

---

5,51,312

---

---

---

3,118

---

---

---

2.

Dhilwan

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1987-88

2,35,737

6

---

---

2,27,140

---

5

---

125

---

---

---

 

1992-93

1,59,683

---

---

---

1,87,801

---

---

---

402

---

---

---

 

1993-94

2,32,777

---

---

---

2,60,711

---

---

---

411

---

---

---

 

1994-95

2,26,280

---

---

---

2,29,456

---

---

---

687

---

---

---

 

1995-96

2,32,332

---

---

---

1,58,065

---

---

---

644

---

---

---

 

1996-97

1,87,595

---

---

---

1,84,359

---

---

---

341

---

---

---

3.

Kapurthala

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1987-88

7,64,366

182

---

134

13,12,308

5

1

---

18,357

68

---

---

 

1992-93

6,12,848

---

---

59

12,03,372

---

30

100

57,354

100

---

---

 

1993-94

7,41,282

---

---

288

17,52,559

---

13

---

62,726

---

---

---

 

1994-95

7,05,930

---

---

63

12,16,504

---

21

---

74,928

---

---

---

 

1995-96

7,02,526

---

---

---

9,06,842

---

5

---

58,183

---

---

---

 

1996-97

5,82,652

---

---

---

10,52,682

---

---

---

29,265

---

---

---

4.

Phagwara

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1987-88

3,82,373

25

---

6,577

7,36,268

35

2

415

29,135

33

---

---

 

1992-93

3,39,279

---

---

3,705

8,06,554

---

---

92

38,515

---

---

---

 

1993-94

3,79,952

---

---

1,638

7,81,036

---

---

---

43,379

---

---

---

 

1994-95

4,11,536

---

---

52

8,28,066

---

---

---

47,855

---

---

---

 

1995-96

4,09,373

---

---

1,034

6,97,702

---

---

---

51,516

---

---

---

 

1996-97

3,19,895

---

---

2,967

7,40,800

---

---

---

42,363

---

---

---

5.

Sultanpur Lodhi

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1987-88

6,19,749

3

---

12

8,47,342

3

---

17

1,726

---

---

---

 

1992-93

7,12,111

---

---

---

8,00,079

---

---

---

2,248

---

---

---

 

1993-94

8,67,371

---

---

---

8,97,061

---

---

---

2,363

---

---

---

 

1994-95

8,61,747

---

---

---

1,13,233

---

---

---

2,469

---

---

---

 

1995-96

8,92,383

---

---

---

7,89,445

---

---

---

9,878

---

---

---

 

1996-97

6,71,701

---

---

---

8,69,423

---

---

---

10,898

---

---

---

(Source: - Secretary, Punjab State Agricultural Marketing Board, Chandigarh)

CHAPTER VII

 

COMMUNICATION

 

(a)   Railways

 

District falls in Firozpur Division of Northern Railway. It is served by two railway lines. Amritsar-Saharanpur-Mughal Sarai main line and Firozpur Cantonment-Jalandhar City branch line. The Station Falling in the Kapurthala District on the main line are Dhilwan and Hamira on the branch line are Khojewala, Kapurthala, Hussainpur( having Rail Coach Factory), Pajian, Dudwindi and Sultanpur Lodhi.

 

(b)               Roads

 

Roads are one of the most important means of communications. These play vital role for the economic development of a region. Most of the villages of the district are linked with roads. The total length of roads maintained by the Public Works Department (B & R) in the district, as on 31 March 1996 was 1,451 Kms.

 

The type of length of roads maintained by the Public Works Department (B & R) during 1982-831 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 in the district is given below: -

(Kms)

Year

National Highways

Provincial Highways

Grand Total

Black Top

WBM Roads*

Total

Black Top

WBM Roads*

Total

1982-83

34

---

34

1,057

45

1,102

1,136

1987-88

34

---

34

1,213

12

1,215

1,249

1992-93

29

---

29

1,404

---

1,404

1,433

1993-94

29

---

29

1,404

---

1,404

1,433

1994-95

29

---

29

1,423

---

1,423

1,452

1995-96

29

---

29

1,422

---

1,422

1,451

1996-97

29

---

29

1,422

---

1,422

1,451

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab 1983, 1988 and 1993 to 1997)

*WBM (Water Bound Macadam) roads shall ultimately be finished as Black Top Roads)

 

Road Transport

             As per transport Policy of the state announced on 9 August 1990 all inter-state routes are to be operated by State Transport Under Takings* and operations on inter-state routes in accordance with reciprocal agreements or understanding between the concerned states to be exclusively undertaken by the state transport. Monoply routes to be exclusively operated by the State Transport. As regards bus routes on National Highway falling within the State, these are shared in the ratio of 70:30** between the State Transport and private bus Operators. On the State Highways and on other routes this ratio is 50:50***.

 

            Road Accidents - With the increase in vehicles on road the incidence of accidents has also increased. The statistical regarding accidents in the district fir the year 1982-83. 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given below: -

 

Year

Accidents

Vehicle Involved

Person Killed

Person Injured

1982-83

62

62

35

105

1987-88

274

274

17

4

1992-93

60

60

50

38

1993-94

---

---

---

---

1994-95

92

92

80

103

1995-96

161

161

63

74

1996-97

124

124

63

235

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab 1983, 1988 and 1993 to 1997)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*      Except the routes operate by private operators, which became Inter-State route as a result of re-organization of State of Punjab in 1966.

**    This ratio has been changed to 75:25 vide Punjab Govenrment Notification No. S.O. 112/C.A. 59/88/S.102/97 dated 21 October 1997

***  This ration has been changed to 40:60 including the operations of Mini Buses and Inter0State Operation vide Punjab Government Notification No. S.O. 112/C.A. 59/88/S. 102/97, dated 21 October 1997

 

 

State Transport – Punjab Roadways and PEPSU Road Transport Corporation are two public transport systems in the state. PEPSU Road Transport Corporation, Kapurthala is plying in the district to cater the needs of the district in respect of passenger traffic. The detail of bus routes operated by the PEPSU Road Transport Corporation, Kapurthala is given in Appendix I.

 

            The Statistics regarding the progress of PEPSU Road Transport Corporation, Kapurthala are given in Appendix II.

 

            Private Transport - Private buses including mini buses, taxies and autorickshaws are other important means of passenger transport in the district. As on 31, March 1997 there were 26 private transport companies operating on the main roads. Mini buses are also run by the private transport operators in rural areas of the district. Thus linking the village with urban areas. There were 74 mini bus permit holders were operating in the district as on 31 March 1997. Taxies and autorikshaws usually ply in urban areas. The bus operated by private transport companies in the district are given in Appendix III.

 

            The number of the different type of motor vehicles registered in the Kapurthala District is given in the following table: -

 

 

Year

Buses

Cars and Station Wagons

Jeeps

Taxies

Three Whee-lers

Two Whee-lers

Total Passe-ngers Vehi-cles

Four Whee-lers and above Trucks and lorries

Three Whee-lers

Total Goods Vehi-cles

Tractors

Others

Grand Total

1982-83

82

735

107

56

315

7,495

8,789

698

314

1,012

5,212

---

15,013

1987-88

127

1,292

206

67

421

27,468

29,581

906

376

1,282

9,253

---

40,116

1992-93

249

2,040

318

93

573

36,230

39,503

1,337

403

1,740

11,004

29

52,276

1993-94

268

2,228

352

97

594

38,544

42,083

1,392

407

1,709

11,372

31

55,285

1994-95

293

2,441

386

98

629

43,237

47,084

1,495

418

1,913

11,950

32

60,979

1995-96

313

2,689

429

99

668

47,691

51,889

1,557

444

2,001

12,432

39

66,361

1996-97

329

3,050

538

99

715

53,036

57,767

1,636

463

2,099

12,881

42

72,789

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1992 to 1997)

 

 

Shipping and Air Traffic. – There is port and aerodrome in the district.

 

Travel and Tourist Facilities – The Punjab Government is making all affords to develop tourist places in the State to attract. New spots of tourist attraction are being developed and touring facilities at he existing places are being increased. There is tourist spot on the bank of Black (Kali) Bein at Kanjli in the Kapurthala town. It is about 5 Kms from the town. It is famous for its lake, named after the named of the village Kanjli. The boating facilities is provided at the lake. Beside a snack bar, a milk bar, a fast food joint and a hall is also provided  for the convenience of tourists. A mini Zoo also exists there. The Punjab Tourism Development Corporation has developed a tourist complex namely Blue Bell Tourist Complex at Phagwara.

 

Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones

 

            Post Offices - Post Offices in the Kapurthala District are functioning under the control of Superintendent of Post Offices, Kapurthala Division, Kapurthala. As on 31, March 1997, there were 2 Head Post Offices, 33 Sub-Post Offices and 106 Branch Post Offices in the district. A list of these post offices is given in the Appendix V.

 

            Telegraphs - The telegraph facilities as on 31 March 1997 were available in 7 Post offices. A list of these telegraph offices is given in Appendix VI.

 

            Telephones – As on 31 March 1997, the number of working telephone connections in the Kapurthala District is 16,625. The detail regarding the telephone exchanges and connections as on 31 March 1997 are given in appendix VII.

 

            Radio and Televisions – There is no T.V. transmitter and radio broadcasting station in the district. The number of T.V. sets installed in the district under the community viewing scheme upto 31 March 1997 was 31.

 

APPENDIX - I

 

Bus Route Operated by the PEPSU Road Transport Corporation Depot

In Kapurthala District as on 31 March 1997

Serial No.

Name of the Company

Name of Route

No. of Daily Trips

Route length (Km)

Total daily Services (Km)

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

Pepsu road Transport Corporation, Kapurthala

Kapurthala - Patiala

(Via Ludhiana)

 

2

202

808

 

Kapurthala – Sultanpur Lodhi

(Via Fattu Dhinga)

 

4

37

296

 

 

Hoshiarpur – Patiala

(Via Rajpura)

 

1

194

385

 

 

Patiala Samana

1

32

64

 

 

Jalandhar – Barnala - Sirsa

1

269

538

 

 

Sultanpur Lodhi – Amritsar

( Via Kapurthala)

 

1

101

202

 

 

Kapurthala – Patiala

( Via Nandpur Kesho)

 

2½

186

930

 

 

Kapurthala – Phagwara

(Via Jalndhar)

 

1

46

92

 

 

Kapurthala – Batala

3

62

372

 

 

Kapurthala – Panchhat

(Via Phagwara)

1

66

132

 

 

Kapurthala – Jalandhar

12

23

552

 

 

Kapurthala – Nadala

(Via Sultanpur Lodhi)

 

3

23

138

 

 

Kapurthala – Tanda – Hoshiarpur

( Via Gardhiwala)

 

2

104

416

 

 

Kapurthala – Tanda –Hoshiarpur

( Via Dhool Kalan)

 

1

94

188

 

 

Kapurthala – Nakodar

6

39

468

 

 

Sultanpur Lodhi – Sri Hargobindpur

1

91

182

 

 

Jalandhar – Bhatinda – Suratgarh

1

383

766

 

 

Kapurthala – Shahkot

(Via Sultanpur lodhi – Lohian)

 

4

61

488

 

 

Patiala – Gurdaspur

(Via Batala)

 

1

275

550

 

 

Sultanpur Lodhi – Tanda

( Via Kapurthala)

2

89

356

 

 

Kapurthala – Chandigarh

( Via Nawashahr)

 

1

180

360

 

 

Kapurthala –Delhi

( Via Jalandhar – Ludhiana)

 

2

415

4660

 

 

Kapurthala – Garhshankar

(Via Banga)

 

2

85

340

 

 

Kapurthala – Moga

( Via Makhu)

 

1

106

212

 

 

Kapurthala – Dharamshala

( Via Jalandhar – Pathankot)

 

1

238

476

 

 

Sultanpur Lodhi –Jalandhar

(Via Mangupur – Hussainpur – Kapurthala)

 

3

68

408

 

 

Dhilwan – Amritsar

(Via Beas)

 

4

46

368

 

 

Dhilwan – Chandigarh

(Via Bhandal – Kapurthala – Nawashahr)

 

1

205

410

 

 

Sultanpur Lodhi – Patiala

(Via Bhandal – Kapurthala)

 

2

241

964

 

 

Sultanpur Lodhi – Talwandi Sabo

( Via Faridkot – Jaito)

 

1

180

360

 

 

Kapurthala – Jind

(Via Jalandhar – Sangrur)

 

1

300

600

 

 

Kapurthala –Shahkot

( Via Sultanpur Lodhi – Toti)

 

2

62

248

 

 

Sidhwan – Chandigarh

(Via Kapurthala Nawan Shahr)

 

1

195

390

 

 

Sultanpur Lodhi – Chandigarh

(Via Kapurthala – Ludhaiana)

 

1

233

466

 

 

Kapurthala – Amritsar

(Via Goindwal)

 

4

76

608

 

 

Sultanpur Lodhi – Amritsar

(Via Goindwal)

 

4

75

600

 

 

Sultanpur Lodhi –Dera Baba Nanak

(Via Goindwal)

 

1

136

544

 

 

Kapurthala – Shahkot

(Via Lohian – Lasuri)

 

 

4

62

496

 

 

Saidpur – Chandigarh

(Via Kapurthala –Ludhiana)

 

2

220

880

 

 

Kapurthala – Bullowal

(Via Jalandhar – Bhogpur)

 

2

71

284

 

 

Kalianwali – Jalandhar

(Via Moga)

 

1

252

504

 

 

Kapurthala – Delhi

(Via Nakodar)

 

1

420

840

 

 

Kapurthal – Mayopatti

(Via Phagwara)

 

2

68

272

 

 

Kapurthala – Gurdaspur

( Via Mehta)

 

2

118

472

 

 

Bholath – Chandigarh

(Via Jalandhar – Nawashahr)

 

1

193

386

 

 

Kapurthala – Bholath)

(Via Kartarpur)

 

2

29

116

 

 

Sultanpur Lodhi – Chandigarh

(Via Kapurthala – Nawashahr)

 

1

219

438

 

 

Kapurthala – Rajpur Bhaian

( Via Jalandhar – Phagwara)

 

2

76

304

 

 

Kapurthala – Pehowa

(Via Patiala)

 

1

239

478

 

 

Kapurthala – Cheeka

( Via Patiala)

 

1

226

452

 

 

Kapurthala – Dabwali

(Via Ludhiana –Bathinda)

 

1

286

572

 

 

Kapurthala –Mahilpur

(Via Behram)

 

1

86

172

 

 

Goindwal – Chandigarh

(Via Nawashahr)

 

1

210

420

 

 

Kapurthala – Tanda

(Via Begowal)

 

3

58

348

 

 

Jalandhar – Amritsar

(Via Goindwal Tarn taran)

 

1

99

198

 

 

Kapurthala – Bathinda

(Via Jalandhar – Ludhaiana)

 

½

246

246

 

 

Kapurthala – S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali)

(Via Jalandhar – Nawashahr)

 

1

171

342

 

 

Kapurthala – Bhatinda

(Via Sultanpur Lodhi – Faridkot)

 

½

181

181

 

 

Moga – Dera Beas

(Via Kapurthala)

 

1½

96

288

(Source: - General Manager, PEPSU Road Transport Corpration, Kapurthala)        

 

 

 

APPENDIX - II

 

Progress of Pepsu Road Corporation, Kapurthala (Commercial Wing)

During 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97

 

Year

Total Fleet

(Numbers)

Effective Kilometers

(in lakhs)

Daily Passengers

(In lakhs)

1982-83

129

89.61

0.53

1987-88

94

74.20

0.47

1992-93

90

85.41

4.97

1993-94

89

84.07

3.96

1994-95

89

87.17

0.52

1995-96

90

89.08

0.51

1996-97

93

87.81

----

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1993 to1997)

APPENDIX - III

 

Bus Route Operated by the Private Transport Companies in Kapurthala District

 as on 31 March 1997

 

Serial No.

Name of the Company

Name of Route

No. of Daily Trips

Route length (Km)

Total daily Services (Km)

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

Ashu Transport Co. (Regd.), Phagwara

Jalandhar – Patiala

(Via Ludhaiana – Khanna – Sirhind)

 

½

163

163

2

Atwal Coach Service (Regd.), Phagwara

Phagwara – Mahilpur

(Via Behrampur – Kot Fatuhi)

 

2

40

160

 

Jalandhar – Ludhiana

1

66

132

 

 

Jalandhar – Pojewal

(Via Phagwara – Banga – Garhshankar)

 

1

75

150

3

Atwal Transport Co. (Regd.), Phagwara

Ludhaina – Tanda

(Via Phagwara – Hoshiarpur – Bullowal)

 

½

113

113

4

Chahal Bus Service (Regd.), Kapurthala

Kapurthala – Batala

(Via Subhanpur Mehta)

 

1

62

124

 

Kapurthala – Shahkot

(Via Kular Kotla- Daulatpur Dhada)

 

1

49

98

 

 

Jalandhar – Gurdaspur

(Via Kartarpur –Beas – Mehta – Sri Hargobindpur)

 

½

134

134

 

 

Kapurthala – Sultanpur Lodhi

(Via Fattu Dhinga)

 

6

37

444

5

Dale transport Co. Pvt. Ltd., Phagwara.

Jalandhar – Ludhiana

1

66

132

6

Deluxe Bus Transport Cooperative Society Ltd., Kapurthala.

Kapurthala – Nakodar

3

39

234

 

Kapurthala – Sultanpur Lodhi

(Via Thatha Boolpur, extended upto Jalandhar)

 

2

63

252

 

Kapurthala – Sultanpur Lodhi

(Via Fattu Dhinga, extended upto Jalandhar)

 

2

60

240

 

 

Kapurthala – Tanda

(Via Subhanpur – Begowal)

 

 

1½

58

174

 

 

Kapurthala – Tanda

(Via extended up to  Dasua)

 

2

74

296

 

 

Kapurthala – Talwandi Chaudharian

( Via Pajjian – Sultanpur Lodhi)

 

3

41

246

 

 

Kapurthala – Govindwal

(Via Pajjian – Sultanpur Lodhi – Mundi Mour)

 

3

56

336

 

 

Kapurthala – Shahkot

( Via Kular kotla – Daulatpur)

 

1

49

98

 

 

Kapurthala – Nadala

Extended up to Begowal

 

3

36

216

 

 

Sultanpur – Hoshiarpur

(Via Kapurthala – Jalandhar)

 

1

99

198

7

Amritsar Buss Highways (Regd.), Kapurthala

Kapurthala – Mahalpur

(Via Jalandhar – Phagwara – Behrampur)

1½

96

238

8

Fateh Ex-Serviceman Bus Service (Regd.), Phagwara

Phagwara – Phillaur

( Via Goraya – Extended up to Jalandhar)

 

2

45

180

 

Barrian Kalan – Ludhaiana

(Via Bham – Panchhat – Phagwara)

1

75

150

9

Janta Bus Service (regd.), Phagwara

Rupnagar – Shahkot

(Via Rahon – Mukandpur – Phagwara – Nakodar)

 

1

149

298

 

 

Rupnagar – Bhaddi

(Via Balachour)

 

2

37

148

 

 

Bhaddi – Ludhiana

(Via Balachour – Nawashahr – Rahon)

 

1

98

196

 

 

Nurpur – Bedi – Ludhiana

(Via Garhshankar – Banga – Apra – Phillaur)

 

1

114

228

 

 

Nakodar – Rupnagar

(Via Phagwara – Mukandpur – Rahon)

 

½

130

130

 

 

Sultanpur Lodhi – Nangal

(Via Kapurthala – Phagwara – Nurpur Bedi – Kiratpur – Anandpur Sahib)

 

 

 

½

201

201

10

Jhawar Enterprise Ltd., Phagwara

Phagwra – Tanda

( Via Hoshiarpur – Bulhowal – Kaloya – Jhawan diverted via Kandhala – Shei Khan)

 

3

71½

429

 

 

Phagwara – Hoshiarpur

½

38

114

 

 

Jalandhar – Ludhaiana

2

66

264

11

Kalghidhar Transport (regd.), Phagwara

Phagwara – Chabewal

(Via Rawalpindi)

 

1

39

78

 

Phagwara – Nawanshahr

(Via Goraya)

 

1

65

130

12

Kultham Abdullah Transport Co. (regd.), Phagwara

Banga – Ludhiana

(Via Goraya)

 

1

65

130

 

Barrian Kalan – Ludhiana

(Via Bham – Panchhat – Phagwara)

 

1

85

170

13

Ludhaina Motor and Finance Co. Pvt. Ltd,. Ludhiana, B.O. Phagwara

Mahalpur – Phagwara

 

6

40

480

 

Mahalpur – Phagwara

(Extended up to Jalandhar)

 

2

73

292

 

 

Jalandhar – Mahalpur

1

63

126

14

New Phagwara Transporters Pvt. Ltd., Phagwara

Jalahdar – Mahalpur

(Via Raman Mandi – Talhan – Kotli Than Singh – Ucha – Rehana Jattan – Bhugana – Nurur – Panchhat – Mayo Patti)

 

2

58

232

 

 

Phagwara – Mayo Patti

1

45

90

 

 

Phagwara – Mayo Patti

(Via Mahalpur extended up to Jalandhar)

 

2

64

256

 

 

Phagwara – Mayo Patti

(Via Mahalpur)

 

2

41

164

 

 

Phagwara – Pinjoura

(Via Khalwara – Wadhan)

 

2

47

188

 

 

Phagwara – Pinjora - Mahalpur

2

62

248

 

 

Ludhiana – Bhogpur

(Via Phillaur – Rurka Kalan – Jagatpur – jattan – Phagwara – Rahana jattan – Metiana – Daroli – Adampur – Dogran

(Route diverted as Ludhiana – Hoshiarpur))

 

2

92

368

 

 

Badeon – Phagwara – Kapurthala

 

 

1½

71

213

 

 

Manguwal – Hoshiarpur – Phagwara – extended up to Phillaur

 

1

74

148

15

New Ex-Servemen M.T. Coop. Society Ltd., Kapurthala

Kapurthala – Shahkot

(Via Rajpura – Sidhwan – Malsian)

 

4

49

392

 

Kapurthala – Bhogpur

(Via Subhanpur – Nadala – Bholath)

 

2

46

184

 

 

Kapurthala –Sultanpur Lodhi

(Via Pajjian)

 

2

31

124

 

 

Kapurthala – Sahahkot

(Via Kular – Saulatpur – Dhade)

 

1

49

98

 

 

Kapurthala – Sultanpur Lodhi

(Via Thatha – Boolpur)

 

1

40

80

 

 

Talwandi Choudriyan – Jalandhar

(Via Boolpur – Khaira - Dona – Sidhwan – Kala Sanghian)

 

1

48

96

16

New Khalsa Roadways Pvt. Ltd, Phagwara

Phagwara – Bhugala

(Via Rehana Jattan)

 

2

18

72

17

Nav Rattan Bus Service (regd.), Ludhiana B.O.Phagwara

Ludhaina – Phagwara

(Extended upto Jalandhar)

1

66

132

18

New Rana Bus Service (Regd.), Phagwara

Jalandhar – Anadpur Sahib, Dashmesh Academy

(Via Banga - Garhshankar – Nurpur Bedi – Nawanpur extended up to Kapurthala)

 

2

148

592

 

 

Jalandhar – Pojewal

(Via Moranwala – Kitna)

 

1

75

150

 

 

Jalandhar – Garhshankar

(Via Moranwala – Kitna)

 

1

63

126

19

Om Parkash S/o Chanan  Ram, V. Bholath (District Kapurthala)

Nawanshahr – Pathankot

(Via Garhshankar – Mahilpur – Hoshiarpur)

2

169

676

20

Prince Bus an Transport Co. Ltd., Kapurthala

Kapurthala – Sultanpur Lodhi

(Via Boolpur extended up to Jalandhar)

 

2

63

252

 

 

Kapurthala – Dhilwan

(Via Subhanpur)

 

1

22

44

 

 

Kapurthala – Jandiala

(Via Kala Sanghian – Nakodar)

3

53

318

 

 

Kapurthala – Gidderpindi

(Via Pajian – Sultanpur Lodhi – Lohian)

 

2

45

180

 

 

Kapurthala – Ludhiana

(Via Nakodar – Phillaur)

 

1

94

186

 

 

Kapurthala – Pathankot

(Via Subhanpur – Nadala -  Begowal - Tanda)

 

1

136

272

 

 

Jalandhar – Anadpur Sahib Dashmesh Academy

(Via Nurpur Bedi – Nawanpul)

 

2

148

592

 

 

Jalandhar – Mayo Patti

(Via Kakarpind – Phagwara extended up to Kapurthala)

 

2

72

288

 

 

Sultanpur Lodhi – Hoshiarpur

(Via Kapurthala – Jalandhar)

 

1

99

198

 

 

Kapurthala – Sultanpur Lodhi

(Via Fattu Dhinga)

 

6

37

444

 

 

Kapurthala – Sultanpur Lodhi

(Via Fattudhinga – Jalandhar)

 

2

60

240

 

 

Kapurthala – Jalandhar

20

23

920

 

 

Kapurthala – Saiflabad

(via Subhanpur – Dhilwan – Bhandal)

 

3

34

204

 

 

Kapurthala – Nakodar

(Via Kala Sanghian)

 

5

39

390

 

 

Kapurthala – Sultanpur Lodhi

(Via Pajjian)

 

6

31

372

 

 

Kapurthala – Panchhat

(Via Jalandhar –Phagwara –rawalpindi)

 

2

65

260

 

 

Kapurthala – Tanda

(Via Subhanpur – Nadala – Begowal)

 

6

58

896

 

 

Kapurthala –Lassara

(Via Jalandhar – Pharwara – Phillaur)

 

1

85

170

 

 

Kapurthala – Patiala

(Jalandhar- Ludhiana – Khanna – Rajpura)

 

1

203

406

 

 

Phagwara –Ludhiana

2

43

172

 

 

Jalandhar – Goraya

2

35

132

21

Sunny Transport Co. (Regd.), Jalandhar ,H.O. Phagwara

Mayo –Patti Nakodar

(Via Rawalpindi – Phagwara – jaindiala extended up to mehatpur)

2

65

260

22

Sukhwinder Singh S/o Puran Singh Village Majitepur P.O. Paramjitpur District Kapurthala

Sultanpur lodhi – Shahkot

(Via Dosanjh Kalan – Goraya)

2

32

128

23

Sethi Travels (Regd.), Phagwara

Jalandhar – Malsian

 

1

46

92

 

Banga -Ludhiana

1

65

130

 

 

Jalandhar – Mukandpur

(Via Dosanjh Kalan – Aujla –Phagwara)

2

46

184

24

Walia Bus Service (regd.), Mansoorwal District Kapurthala

Kapurthala – Adampur

(Via Subhanpur – Nadala – Bholath – Bhogpur)

4

64

512

25

Ex. Capt. Raj bahadur Singh S/o Major Narinder Singh 325-Model Town, Kapurthala

Kapurthala – Talwara

(Via Nadala –Begowal – Tanda - Dasua – Mukerian)

1

120

240

26

Dogranwala Bus Service (regd.), Dograwala, P.O. Bhiwanipur District Kapurthala

Kapurthala – Sultanpur

(Via Sandher jagir – Nasirpur – Nalru Masittan)

3

38

228

27

Deol Transport

Phagwara –Nakodar

2

33

132

 

 

Phagwra – Phillaur

(Via Goraya extended up to Ludhiana)

2

44

176

(Source: - Regional transport Authority, Jalandhar)

APPENDIX - IV

 

Rest Houses (Tehsil-wise) in theKapurthala District As on 31 march 1997

Serial No

Places

No. of Suits

Name of Reserving Authority

1

P.W.D., Rest House, Bholath

2

Executice Engineer, P.W.D., Kapurthala

2

Panchayat Samiti rest house, Nadala

2

Executive Officer, Panchayat Samiti, Nadala

3

Forest Rest House, Dhilwan

---

Range Forest Officer, Kapurthala

4

P.W.D., Rest House, Kapurthala

4

Executice Engineer, P.W.D., Kapurthala

5

Sainik Rest House, Kapurthala

2

Deputy Director, Sainik Welfare, Kapurthala

6

Nahari Rest House, Dhandal

---

Executive Engineer (Canal), Jalandhar

7

Panchayat Samiti Rest House, Sultanpur Lodhi

2

Executive Officer, Panchayat Samiti, Sultanpur Lodhi

8

P.W.D., Rest House, Sultanpur Lodhi

2

Executice Engineer, P.W.D., Sultanpur Lodhi

9

P.W.D., Rest House, Phagwara

2

Executice Engineer, P.W.D., Phagwara

(Source: Deputy Economic and Statistical Advisor, Kapurthala)

 

 

 

APPENDIX - V

 

List of Post offices in the Kapurthala District

as on 31 March 1997

Sr. No.

Head Post Office

 

Branch Office

1

Kapurthala Head Post Office

1

Ahmadpur

 

 

2

Aujla Jogi

 

 

3

Balerkhanpur

 

 

4

Bhawanipur

 

 

5

Dhapai

 

 

6

Fattu Dhinga

 

 

7

Ibban

 

 

8

Kanjli

 

 

9

Khera Majha

 

 

10

Khairanwali

 

 

11

Khanowal

 

 

12

Khakhrian

 

 

13

Lakhan Kalan

 

 

14

Mansurwal

 

 

15

Nathu Chahal

 

 

16

Vadala Kalan

 

Sub–Post Offices

 

 

1

Amrit Bazar, Kapurthala.

Non-Delivery, Town Sub-Office

 

 

2

Begowal, Combined Office, Public Call Office

1

Awan Bhikeshah

 

2

Bariar

 

 

3

Jaid

3

Bholath, Combined Office, Public Call Office

1

Alampur

 

2

Bhadas

 

 

3

Boparai

 

 

4

Khassan

 

 

5

Mana Talwandi

 

 

6

Ramgarh

 

 

7

Shesinghwala

4

Bus Stand, Kapurthala,

Non Delivery, Town Sub-Office.

 

 

5

Dhilwan, Combined Office,

Public Call Office

1

Butala

 

2

Bhandal Bet

 

 

3

Dhaliwal Bet

 

 

4

Nurpur Lubana

 

 

5

Sangojla

 

 

6

Surkhpur

 

 

7

Saiflabad

6

Dialpur, Combinded Office,

Public Call Office

 

Kudowal

7

G.N.O.C. Sultanpur, Non-Delivery,

Town Sub-Office

 

 

8

Jagatjit Nagar, Combined Office

1

Lakhan Ke Padde

 

 

2

Muddowal

 

 

3

Ramidi

 

 

4

Subhanpur

9

Kala Sanghian, Public Call Office

Delivery Sub-Office

1

Adhi

 

2

Jallowal

 

 

3

Khiwa

 

 

4

Nijiran

 

 

5

Rahimpur

 

 

6

Talwandi Salim

 

 

7

Nijiran

10

Kapurthala Mandi, Combined Office, Public Call Office, Non-Delivery Town Sub-Office

 

 

11

Nadala, Public Call Office,

Delivery Sub Office

1

Chuhaka

 

 

2

Mirzapur

 

 

3

Raipur Arian

 

 

4

Talwara

12

Nangal Lubana, Public Call Office,

Delivery Sub-Office

 

Miani Bhagopurian

13

R.P.P. Wala, Delivery Sub-Office.

1

Ibrahimwala

 

 

2

Maksudpur

14

Kapurthala Town, Public Call Office

Non-Delivery, Sub-Office

 

 

15

Rail Coach Factory, Kapurthala

Delivery Sub Office

 

 

16

Sanik School, Kapurthala

 

 

17

Sant road, Kapurthala

Delivery Sub-Office

 

 

18

Shekhupura, Delivery Sub-Office

1

Bhanolanga

 

 

2

Bhudana

 

 

3

Dadwandi

 

 

4

Khera Dona

 

 

5

Mothanwala

 

 

6

Mahabalipuram

 

 

7

Saidwal

19

Sidhwan Dona, Delivery Sub-Office

1

Kular

 

 

2

Sandhu Chatte

 

 

3

Talwandi Madho

20

Sultanpur Lodhi, Public Call Office,

Combined Office, Delivery Sub-Office

1

Dalla

 

2

Kabirpur

 

3

Paramjitpur

 

 

4

Rampur Jagir

 

 

5

Sarai Jattan

 

 

6

Sherpur Dona

21

Talwandi Chaudhrian, Public Call

 Office, Delivery Sub-Office

 

 

22

Thathe Jadid, Delivery Sub-Office

1

Bhullarai

 

 

2

Khalu

 

 

3

Nasirpur

 

 

4

Saidpur

 

 

5

Tibba

II

Phagwara Head Office, Public Call Office, Combined Office

1

Bhullarai

 

2

Chak Prema

 

 

3

Lakhpur

 

 

4

Pandori

 

 

5

Sangatpur

 

 

6

Manak

1

Banga road, Phagwara, Public Call Office, Combined Office, Non-

Delivery, Town-Sub Office

 

 

2

Bazar Sarafan, Phagwara, Non-Delivery, Town Sub-Office

 

 

3

Bus Stand, Phagwara, Public Call Office, Non-Delivery, Town Sub-Office

 

 

4

Chachokie, Delivery Sub-Office

1

Birk

 

 

2

Ghukha

 

 

3

Jandiali

 

 

4

Khothran

 

 

5

Mauli Jamalpur

 

 

6

Mahli

5

Domeli, Delivery Sub-Office

1

Bhabiana

 

 

2

Rampur Sunra

 

 

3

Rawal Pindi Gulab Shah

 

 

4

Rehana Jattan

6

Hoshiarpur Road, Phagwara, Non-

Delivery, Town Sub-Office

 

 

7

Mehli Gate Phagwara, Non-

Delivary, Town Sub-Office

 

 

8

Narur, Delivery Sub-Office

1

Bhagana

 

 

2

Mayopatti

 

 

3

Sahai

9

Panchhat, Public Call Office

 

 

10

Railway Road, Phagwara, Non-

Delivery, Town Sub-Office

 

 

11

Ranipur, Public Call Office, Delivery Sub-Office

1

Barn

 

2

Bohani

 

 

3

Nangal Majha

 

 

4

Palahi

12

Satnampura, Public Call Office, Combined Office, Delivery Sub-Office

1

Athouli

 

2

Bhanoka

 

 

3

Cheharu

 

 

4

Hardabad

 

 

5

Hardaspur

 

 

6

Madhopur

 

 

7

Maharu

 

 

8

Raipur

 

 

9

Sarai Jattan

 

 

10

Khajurala

 

 

11

Mehtan

13

Thapar Colony, Phagwara, Public Call Office, Non-Delivery, Town Sub-Office

 

 

(Source: Superintendent of Post Offices, Kapurthala Division, Kapurthala)

APPENDIX - VI

 

List of Telegraph Offices in Kapurthala District as on 31 March 1997

 

1

Banga Road, Phagwara

2

Dhilwan

3

Dialpur

4

Jagatjit Nagar

5

Phagwara

6

Satnampura

7

Sultanpur Lodhi

(Source: Superintendent of Post Offices, Kapurthala Division, Kapurthala)

 

 

APPENDIX - VII

 

Telephone Exchanges with their Capacity and Number of Working Telephones in the Kapurthala District as on 31 march 1997

 

 

Serial No.

 

Telegraph Division

 

Telegraph/Telephone Sub-Division

 

Name of Exchange

Numbers of the Connections

Capacity

Working

1

Jalandhar

S.D.E., Kapurthala

Kapurthala

9000

7360

 

 

 

Sultanpur Lodhi

1000

996

 

 

 

Talwandi Choudrian

96

93

 

 

 

Begowal

88

82

 

 

 

Bhandal Bet

96

79

 

 

 

Fattu Dhinga

96

65

 

 

 

Kala Sanghian

296

286

 

 

 

Khojewala

96

68

 

 

 

Dhilwan

256

175

 

 

 

Mothanwala

88

41

 

 

 

Bhoolepur

96

84

 

 

 

Ramgarh

176

145

 

 

 

Bholath

192

183

 

 

 

Nadala

1000

672

 

 

 

Khera Dona

88

49

 

 

 

Kookan

88

83

 

 

 

Sidhwan Dona

88

87

 

 

 

Balerkhanpur

176

117

 

 

 

Paramjitpur

176

20

 

 

 

Dadwindi

152

20

2

Jalandhar

Kapurthala

Phagwara

6000

5649

 

 

 

Ranipur

96

93

 

 

 

Panchhat

98

84

 

 

 

Rehana Jattan

96

94

(Source: Sub Division Officer, Telegraphes, Kapurthala and Sub Divisional Officer, Telephone, Phagwara)

Chapter IX

 

Economic Trends

 

(a) Livelihood Pattern and General Level of Prices and wages and Standard of Living

 

            Livelihood Pattern.-  The total population of the district according to the 1991 Census was 6,46,647 persons. Out of which 1,94,439 persons (30.07 percent) were main workers and 7,445 persons (1.15 percent) were marginal workers. The percentage of main workers in the State during the same period was 30.07 which coincide with the percentage of main workers in the Kapurthala District. These were further divided into nine categories i.e. 60.761 persons were agricultural workers (2096 percent) 1,236 persons were engaged in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards and allied activities (0.63 percent) only 2 persons were engaged in mining and quarrying percentage negligible), 2,756 workers were engaged in  manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs in household industry (1.41 percent), 2,917 workers repairs other than household industry (15.00 percent), 5,226 persons were engaged in construction activity (2.69 percent) 19,878 persons were in trade and commerce (10.22 percent), 6,234 persons were engaged in transport, storage and communication (3.20 percent) and 28,415 persons (14.61 percent)were other workers.

 

            The details of the classification of population (by profession) of the Kapurthala District, according to 1991 Census are given in the following table: -

 

Classification of Workers in the Kapurthala District according to 1991 Census

Classification of Workers according to their profession

Number of persons according to 1991 Census

 

 

Rural

Urban

Total

Males

Females

Males

Females

Males

Females

1

Cultivators

57,653

1,300

1,750

58

59,403

1,358

2

Agriculture Labourers

34,823

2,789

3,013

136

37,836

2,925

3

Livestock. Forestry, fishing, hunting and plantations, orchards and allied activities

789

45

377

25

1,166

70

4

Mining and quarrying

2

--

--

--

2

--

5

(a)    Manufacture, processing servicing and repairs in household

(b)    Manufacturing, process-sing, repairs other than household industry.

1,659

204

755

138

2,414

342

13,874

329

14,745

222

28,619

551

6

Construction

3,430

174

1,590

32

5,020

206

7

Trade and Commerce

7,120

185

12,246

327

19,366

512

8

Transport , Storage and Communication

3,564

17

2,573

80

6,137

97

9

Other Services

13,543

1,719

10,380

2,773

23,923

4,492

 

Total Workers

1,36,457

6,762

47,429

3,791

1,83,886

10,553

10

Marginal Workers

382

6,895

37

131

419

7,026

11

Non-Workers

1,14,460

2,15,086

42,265

72,952

1,56,725

2,88,038

 

Grand Total

2,51,299

2,28,743

89,731

76,874

3,41,030

3,05,617

(Census of India, 1991, Series-20, Punjab, Part II-A and Part II-B, General Population Tables)

 

            Prices – For the past few years a constant rise in the prices of all commodities, particularly of agricultural commodities/food items has been noticed. Prices are influenced by a number of factors. Some of these are rainfall, problems of warehousing, transport, money supply etc. The level of prices on a particular area is an important indicator of the standard of living of the people residing therein. From the table given below it is evident that the level of prices of the commodities in the Kapurthala District is on the increase. The average retail pro\ices of selected commodities in the Kapurthala District During 1982, 1987 and 1992 to 1996 are given below:

 

(Rupees per Kg)

Name of selected commodities

1982

1987

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

Wheat

1.66

1.94

3.50

3.52

4.12

4.24

4.88

Wheat Atta

1.87

2.38

4.69

4.72

4.65

4.53

6.03

Rice

2.14

3.92

6.15

6.64

8.13

9.14

10.08

Mung

4.95

6.82

14.35

13.41

15.77

19.60

22.79

Mash

4.63

7.10

13.44

12.12

15.90

24.30

24.20

Gram

3.86

5.50

10.15

13.24

17.45

14.38

13.59

Massar

4.40

6.50

12.64

13.21

14.55

18.35

22.23

Ghee Desi

32.42

46.47

80.58

74.83

92.50

115.50

108.00

Vanaspati

34.87

53.14

84.30

82.04

98.79

97.30

87.67

Tea*

13.49

19.57

32.17

34.69

37.44

41.50

44.83

Milk**

2.58

4.27

6.92

7.85

8.58

9.60

11.25

Potatoes

1.22

1.97

2.75

3.48

3.69

4.07

4.29

Onion

1.72

3.36

3.08

5.68

5.81

5.52

5.33

Gur

2.88

4.09

6.59

8.64

11.23

11.63

10.54

Kerosene Oil

1.93

2.48

2.80

2.80

2.87

2.90

2.90

@ per two Kg tin

* per 500 gms

** per liter

(Statistical Abstract of Punjab 1982, 1987 and 1992 to 1996)

 

Wages- The payment made to a labourer in lieu off the service rendered by him is called wages. In the Kapurthala District, the wages to agricultural as well as to skilled labourers are paid in cash.

 

            The wages paid to agricultural and skilled labourers in the Kapurthala District during 1982, 1987 and 1992 to 1997 are shown in the following tables: -

 

Wages paid to Agricultural and Skilled Labourers (Men) in Kapurthala District during 1982, 1987 and 1992 to 1997.

(Rs.)

 

Year

 

Village

Agricultural Labour

Skilled Labour

For plou-ghing

For sow-ing

For wee-ding

For harv-esting

For* pick-ing of Cotton

For agricu-ltural opera-tion

Black-Smith

Carp-enter

1982

Bhulla Rai

13.00

13.00

13.00

13.00

11.00

13.00

23.00

23.00

1987

 

20.00

---

20.00

29.00

---

20.83

46.87

46.67

1992

 

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

1993

 

42.00

50.00

---

53.33

---

45.18

86.17

86.17

1994

 

---

---

---

55.00

---

49.73

90.64

90.64

1995

 

---

---

---

60.00

---

52.00

92.00

92.00

1996

 

70.00

70.00

---

62.00

---

56.00

102.66

102.66

*For Female Workers               (Statistical Abstract of Punjab, during 1982, 1987 and 1992 to 1997)

 

The rate of pay fixed per day/per month for different types of labourers/workers in Government employees in the Kapurthala District during 1996-97 are given in the Appendix I.

 

            Standard of Living- The economic development of a particular region largely influences the standard of the living of the people residing in that particular area. The Type and the amount of the consumers’ goods such as, necessities and luxuries used by the consumers indicates their standard of living, bur these factor vary with regard to time, place and individual.

            The Economic and statistical organization, Punjab has been conducting regularly (every year) a survey *regarding the family budgets of selected cultivators in the state with bullock-operated as well as tractor-operated holding. As the agricultural operations in the State have been mechanized the operation with bullock is on the verge of extinction. With the result a new class of semi-mechanised holdings has emerged and it has been included in the survey regarding family budget of selected cultivators from the agricultural year 1994-95. In this survey the family budgets of fourteen peasant proprietors having bullock-operated holdings, fifty five tractor-operated holdings and fifty four semi-mechanised holdings were studied. The aim of survey was to find out the return accruing to the cultivators and find out the extent to which the goods consumed were produced in the farm and purchased from the outside.

 

            Under th bullock-operated holdings category only one farmer of village Adalat chak (Tehsil Sultanpur Lodhi) in the Kapurthala District was selected for the survey. According to the servey (1994-95) the net income (from all sources) of  cultivator was Rs 62,051 and net expenditure was Rs 43,192 showing a surplus budget Rs 18,859.

 

(* information supllied by the Economic and statistical organization, Punjab, Chandigarh)

 

            The survey revealed that on an average a peasant proprietor’s family (bullock-operated holdings) in Punjab spent 43 percent of his income on food, 19 percent on housing, 9 percent on clothing, 5 percent each on social ceremonies and fuel, 4 percent each on miscellaneous items and medicine, 3 percent each on traveling and education, 2 percent each on lighting and amusement and luxuries and 1 percent on religion.

 

            The survey further revealed that the peasant proprietor with bullock- operated holding of villages. Adalat chak used to meet 19 percent (Rs. 8,399) of his total expenditure (i.e.Rs. 43,193) from his farm product amd remaining 81 percent (rs. 34,793) of his domestic expenditure was made on goods purchased from the market.

 

            The families of three villages (tractor-operated), viz. Dhak Balaloan (Tehsil Phagwara), Sangojla (Tehsil Kapurthala) and Adalat chak (Tehsil Sultanpur Lodhi) in Kapurthala District were selected for the survey during the agricultural year 1994-95.

 

            The finding of the tractor-operated cultivators survey pertaining to income and expenditure are given below:

 

Name of the family/village

Net income from all sources

(Rs)

Net expenditure

(Rs)

Surplus/deficit

(Rs)

Dhak Balaloan

3,87,991

1,54,883

(+)  2,33,108

Sangojla

1,60,834

80,289

(+)     80,545

Adalat Chak

2,51,768

46,886

(+)  2,04,895

 

The above figures show that the families of all the villages mentioned above had surplus budget.

 

            The survey also revealed that on as average a peasant proprietor’s family having tractor-operated holdings in Punjab spent 42 percent of its income on food, 20 percent on housing, 11 percent on clothing, 5 percent on traveling, 4 percent each on medicine and fuel, 3 percent each on miscellaneous items, amusement and luxuries and education 2 percent each on social ceremonies and lighting, and 1 percent on religion.

 

            The goods consumed by the families in the three villages are as under:

 

Name of the family/village

Total expenditure

Supplied by the farm

(Rs)

Percentage

Purchased from outside

(Rs)

Percentage

Dhak Balaloan

1,54,883

42,416

27

1,12,467

73

Sangojla

   80,289

20,475

26

    59,814

74

Adalat Chak

   46,866

12,982

28

    33,884

72

 

            The families of three villages (Semi-mechsnised), viz.Domeli (Tehsil Phagwara), Bhatnura Kalan (Tehsil Kapurthala) and gazipur (Tehsil Sultanpur Lodhi) in the Kapurthala District were included for survey for the first time during 1994-95.

 

            The findings of the semi-mechanised cultivators’ survey pertaining to income and expenditure are given below:

 

Name of the family/village

Net income from all sources

(Rs)

Net expenditure

(Rs)

Surplus/deficit

(Rs)

Domeli

2,02,447

65,512

(+)  1,136,935

Bhatnura Kalan

    40,899

42,337

(-)         1,438

Gazipur

1,37,469

52,172

(+)       85,297

 

            The above figures show that the families of Domeli and Gazipur villages had surplus budget, whereas the families of village Bhatanura Kalan had deficit budget.

 

            The survey also revealed that on an average a peasand proprietor’s family having semi-mechanised holding in Punjab spent 44 percent of its income on food, 14 percent on housing, 9 percent on clothing, 8 percent on fuel, 7 percent on social ceremonies, 3 percent each on traveling lighting, education and miscellaneous items, 2 percent each on religion, amusement and luxuries and medicines.

 

            The goods consumed by the families in the three villages are as under:

 

Name of the family/village

Total expenditure

Supplied by the farm

(Rs)

Percentage

Purchased from outside

(Rs)

Percentage

Domeli

65,512

14,930

23

1,12,467

77

Bhatnura Kalan

42,337

11,226

27

   31,111

73

Gazipur

52,172

11,697

22

   33,884

78

 

            In 1996-97 the per capital income of the Kapurthala District at the then current prices was Rs. 19,412 a compared to Rs. 18,250 for the Punjab State as a whole. The Kapurthala District ranked 7th in the capital income out of 17 districts in the State. It shows that an inhabitant of the district has a better financial position.

 

(b) Employment Situation

 

            Employment Exchange – There are two Employment Exchanges in the District. Their main functions are to register applicants to offer employment assistance to impart vocational guidance to the youth to collect employment market information to assess employment trends, etc.

           

            The work done by the District Employment Exchange, Kapurthala, and the Town Employment Exchange, Phagwara, is given below:

 

Year

No. of registration during the year

No. of Applicants placed on employment during the year

Applicants live register at the end of the year

Monthly No. of employees using the exchange

No. of vacancies being carried over at the end of the year

1

2

3

4

5

6

District Employment Exchange, Kapurthala

1992-93

5,188

201

26,417

83

417

1993-94

4,337

156

25,266

89

232

1994-95

4,533

203

23,555

89

148

1995-96

4,700

137

19328

74

244

1996-97

5,863

219

20,362

94

221

Town Employment Exchange, Phagwara

1987-88

1,944

81

5,431

35

143

1992-93

1,328

22

5,335

29

102

1993-94

1,111

7

4,675

31

144

1994-95

1,096

15

4,056

28

58

1995-96

1,256

21

3,548

15

49

1996-97

1,609

2

3,959

22

66

(Source: District Employment Officer, Kapurthala and Employment Officer, Phagwara)

 

            Vocational Guidance Scheme- This scheme was started in District Employment Exchange, Kapurthala in 1964. Under this scheme occupational information and vocational guidance is disseminated to the youth. Under the scheme individual guidance is also given to the desirous candidates. The work done by the Vocational Guidance Unit functioning in the District Employment Exchange, Kapurthala and Town Employment Exchange, Phagwara during 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below:

 

 

 

Serial no.

Year

Number if Individuals provided group guidance

Number of persons given individual guidance

Number of persons given individual information

Kapurthala

1

1992-93

1,417

367

1,064

2

1993-94

1,196

313

1,127

3

1994-95

953

195

986

4

1995-96

1,065

136

1,228

5

1996-97

1,013

137

1,763

Phagwara

1

1992-93

89

463

377

2

1993-94

89

359

355

3

1994-95

51

217

352

4

1995-96

81

384

430

5

1996-97

65

349

463

(Source: District Employment Officer, Kapurthala and Employment Officer, Phagwara)

 

Extent of Employment in various Categories of Trades - The volume of employment in various and occupation in public and private sectors in the Kapurthala District is given in the following table-

 

Extent of Employment in Various Categories if Trades during 1982-83, 1987 and 1992-93 to 1996-97

Serial No.

Industry Division

Number of Establishments

 

Number of Employees

1982-83

1987-88

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

 

1982-83

1987-88

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

Public Sector

1

Manufacturing

2

2

4

4

4

4

4

 

209

276

8,014

7,959

7,677

7,676

7,424

2

Trade and Commerce

5

5

65

65

74

76

81

 

156

1,522

1,891

2,034

2,015

2,026

2,028

3

Transport, Storage and Communication

54

52

3

3

3

3

3

 

632

540

1,350

1,361

1,380

1,379

1,416

4

Services

181

209

217

225

226

232

239

 

13,488

11,411

14,290

14,148

14,122

15,830

16,580

 

TOTAL

242

268

289

297

207

215

327

 

14,485

13,749

25,545

25,502

25,194

26,911

27,448

Private Sector

1

Manufacturing

98

86

84

80

82

75

75

 

12,013

13,242

13,880

13,013

13,207

13,584

13,258

2

Trade and Commerce

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

 

9

-

-

-

-

-

--

3

Transport, Storage and Communication

5

5

5

5

5

6

6

 

164

156

121

115

110

135

149

4

Services

44

40

58

59

63

61

69

 

1,223

1,387

1,767

1,847

1,847

1,835

2,226

 

TOTAL

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13,409

14,785

15,739

14,895

15,164

15,554

15,633

(Source: District Employment Officer, Kapurthala)

Appendix I

 

Wages Rates of Different Types of Labourers/Workers per day/per month fixed in Kapurthala District during 1996-97

 

Sr. No.

Category of Labourers/ Workers

Rates of pay

Per day

Per Month

 

Whole Time

Part Time

1

2

3

4

5

1

Kohar/Mali

54.65

1421

Between 497 to 737

2

Sweeper

54.65

1421

Between 567 to 825

3

Water Carrier/Sweeper-cum Chowkidar/ Sweeper Panchayat Saamiti/Sweeper Muncipal Comittiee/ Ckowkidar/Driver-cum-Chowkidar /Dhobi/ Khalasi /Dak Runner/Mochi/Barber /Farash/Belder/Telephone Attendant/Peon/ Cook/ Coolie/Flagman/ Electrician /Boatman /Ordinary Labourer/Brigade/Jamadar/Langri / Water-man/Casual Waterman/Canner/White Washer-man /Cleaner-cum-Hawker

54.65

1421

----

4

Boilerman/Handleman

57.00

----

----

5

Pump Operator

58.00

1508

----

6

Second Grade Mason/ Lohar/ Painter/ laboratory Attendent (Matric)

61.00

1586

----

7

Security Guard/S.P.O. (Police Department)

53.00

1590

----

8

Skilled Labourer/ Conductor/ Polishmant/ Hammer-man/ Filler/ Turner/ Clerk/ Patwari/ Assistant Cook/ Langri

63.00

1638

----

9

Craftman with pair of bullock

84.00

1638

----

10

Steno (Graduate)

54.65

1716

----

11

Light Vehicle Driver

66.00

1716

----

12

Head Cook

71.00

1846

----

13

First Grade Mason/ Lohar/ Painter/ Heavy Vehicle Driver and Road Roller Driver

75.00

1950

----

14

Donkeyman with Donkey

79.00

----

----

(Source: Deputy Commissioner, Kapurthala)

Chapter XI

 

Revenue administration

 

Land Revenue Collection in the District

 

            The land revenue in the State was levied under the provisions of Punjab Land revenue act, 1987 (Punjab Act No. XVII of 1987). Prior to the remission of land revenue and additional land revenue their collection was the responsibility of the Lambardar(Village Headman) for which he was paid Pachotra, (5 percent) of the land revenue collected. In addition to the land revenue he used to collect the abiana for which he was paid 3 percent as collection charges.

 

(a)   Income from Land Revenue and Special Cesses

 

(i) Land Revenue –The land Revenue as in the last settlement of 1921—30,was realized even up to its remission in 1997 as there had been no revisded settlement thereafter. It was realized in two instalments, i.e. for kharif crops by the 15 January and for rabi crops by the 15 june. In the year 1961, the Punjab Land revenue (Thur, Sem, Chos and Sand) Remission and Supervision Rules, 1961 were enforced under which land revenue of all land rendered unculturable on account of thur and sem was remitted. In 1968 the land Revenue on individual holding up to 5 Standard acres (owners total holding in the state) was remitted under the Punjab Land Revenue (Amendment) Act, 1968. The Punjab Government has abolished the land revenue and additional land revenue with effect from the rabi harvest of the agricultural year 1996-97, payable under the provision of Punjab Land Revenue Act, 1887 (Punjab Act No. XVII of 1887), by enacting the Punjab Land revenue (Abolition) Act, 1997, (The Punjab Government Gazette Notification No. 8-Leg/97, dated 28 July 1997)

 

            The detail of income from land revenue and remission in the Kapurthala District during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given below:

(In rupees)

Year ending rabi

Previous year's balance

Demand

Total amount of recovery

Actual recovery

Remission

1982-83

---

8,99,705

2,99,155

2,99,155

6,00,540

1987-88

---

8,99,147

2,98,288

2,98,288

6,00,589

1992-93

18,204

9,01,254

3,03,278

2,27,078

6,16,180

1993-94

76,200

9,01,254

3,63,698

3,56,592

6,13,756

1994-95

6,703

9,01,244

3,67,589

3,56,363

5,40,358

1995-96

5,917

9,01,244

3,50,197

3,39,426

5,56,964

1996-97

10,771

9,01,244

3,55,051

1,82,851

7,29,164

(Source: Deputy Commissioner, Kapurthala)

 

(ii) Additional Land Revenue - The surcharge and the special charge on land Revenue were levied under the Punjab Land Revenue( Surcharge) Act, 1954 and Punjab Land Revenue (Special Charge) Act, 1958. These Acts were repealed with effect from the kharif harvest of the agricultural year 1974-75, by the Punjab Land Revenue (Amendment) Act, 1974, which instead levied additional land revenue on every land owner who paid land revenue in excess of twenty rupees per year. The additional land revenue has also been abolished with effect from rabi harvest of the agricultural year 1996-97(The Punjab Government Gazette Notification No. 8-Leg/97, dated 28 July 1997)

 

            The rates of additional land revenue were progressive and it was levied at the following rates: -

1

Where the total land revenue exceeds twenty rupees but does not exceeds fifty rupees annually.

 

 

Two hundred percent of the amount by which the total land revenue exceeds twenty rupees

2

Where the total land revenue exceeds fifty rupees but does not one hundred rupees annually.

 

 

Sixty rupees plus two hundred and fifty percent of the amount by which the total land revenue exceeds fifty rupees.

3.

Where the total land revenue exceeds one hundred rupees but does not exceeds two hundred rupees annually.

 

 

One hundred and eighty five rupees plus three hundred percent of the amount by which the total land revenue exceeds one hundred rupees.

4.

Where the total land revenue exceeds two hundred rupees annually

 

Four hundred and eighty five rupees plus three hundred and fifty percent of the amount by which the total land revenue exceeds two hundred rupees.

 

 

The income from the additional land revenue on Kapurthala District during the years 1982-93, 1987-88, 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below:

 

Year

Income from additional land revenue

(Rs)

1982-83

76,263

1987-88

73,930

1992-93

78,531

1993-94

85,337

1994-95

63,914

1995-96

83,312

1996-97

56,013

(Source: Deputy Commissioner, Kapurthala)

 

 

            (iii) Local Rate - Local rate was levied under Section 188 (i)(e) Panchayati Raj Act, 1944 (Prior to this Act it was levied under Section 61 of the Punjab Panchayat Samitis and Zila Parishad Act, 1961) at the rate of 52 percent of the land revenue.

 

            The income from rate in Kapurthala District during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below:

 

Year

Local rate collections

(Rs)

1982-83

2,79,240

1987-88

2,77,725

1992-93

2,77,729

1993-94

2,76,995

1994-95

2,77,896

1995-96

2,76,812

1996-97

2,78,324

(Source: Deputy Commissioner, Kapurthala)

 

            (iv) Abiana -  It was charged an the area irrigated by canals. The canal water rates (abiana) by flow as well as by lift irrigation has been abolished by the Government with effect from 14 February 1997.(Vide Punjab Government notification No. 14/22/94-IPW(2)/5209, dated 19 March 1997)

            The income from (abiana) in Kapurthala District during 1982-93, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below:

 

Year

Abiana and water advantage rate collections

(Rs)

1982-83

1,28,356

1987-88

1,25,659

1992-93

3,60,525

1993-94

3,33,781

1994-95

4,04,435

1995-96

3,30,298

1996-97

3,05,663

(Source: Deputy Commissioner, Kapurthala)

 

(v) Cess on Commercial Crops: - Cess on commercial crops such as chilies, cotton (Desi and American) potatoes, rapeseed (Sarson, taramira and toria), sugarcane, orchards, vineyards, etc. was levied at the rate of Rs 6 per acre in case of irrigated land and rs Rs 3 per acre in case of unirrigated land under the Punjab Commercial Crops Act, 1974 from the kharif crops of the agricultural year 1974-75. To give relief to the farmers and to increase the cultivation of commercial crops and orchards in the State of Punjab Government has repealed the Punjab Commercial Crops Act, 1974 by enacting the Punjab Commercial Crops (Repeal) Act, 1994.

 

            The amount realized and the arrear recovered from the cess on commercial crops in Kapurthala District during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given below: -

 

Year

Amount

(Rs)

1982-83

74,981

1987-88

76,467

1992-93

73,527

1993-94

69,572

1994-95

72,344

1995-96

18,459

1996-97

16,824

(Source: Deputy Commissioner, Kapurthala)

 

(b)   Land Reforms

Distribution of Land to the Landless Farmers - The main aims and objectives of the sound policy of land reforms are to increase the agricultural production and social justice. The most important of all reforms, however, is the conferment of ownership rights on certain classes of tenants. The object of tenancy reforms is to create a class of owner cultivators for the improvement of productivity.

 

In 1972, the Punjab Land Reforms Act was drafted and passed on 14 December to remove certain flows in earlier legislation. In order to carry out carry out the objectives of the Act, the Punjab Land Reforms Rules, 1973 were framed. A scheme, viz. The Punjab Utilization of Surplus Area Scheme, 1973, was also introduced under the provisions of the Act. Land worked as surplus after applying the ceilings prescribed by law is being distributed to landless agricultural workers, members of the Scheduled castes and Backward Classes and tenants who own no land or have less than two hectares of the first quality land.

            The distribution of land among various classes of cultivators/landholders in the district, during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below: -

 

(Area in hectares)

Class of cultivation/

landholders

1982-83

1987-88

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

Total cultivated area

1,16,696

1,19,634

1,23,204

1,21,722

1,14,500

1,23,480

1,23,592

Tenants-at-will

12,738

12,570

13,617

11,899

12,467

12,357

12,397

Tenants with right of occupancy

---

---

---

---

---

---

---

Owners

1,03,958

1,07,064

1,09,587

1,09,823

1,02,033

1,11,123

1,11,195

(Source: Deputy Commissioner, Kapurthala)

 

(c)    Other Sources of Revenue, State and Central

 

(i) Other Sources of State Revenue

            Besides land revenue, the other sources of State Revenue are; Stamp duty, Registration Fee, Excise Duty, Passenger and Good tax (now called Special Road Tax), Entertainment Tax, Entertainment Duty, Central Sale Tax, Electricity Duty and Copying Fee.

 

            Stamp Duty – It is levied under the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 which was amended by the Indian Stamp (Punjab First Amendment) Act, 1922, and Indian Stamp (Punjab Second Amendment) Act, 1960. The latest amendment to the Act was made, - vide Indian Stamp 9Punjab Amendment) Act, 1995, -vide which the rates of stamp duty were changed. Stamp revenue is derived form non-judicial Stamps. The Act requires the collector (Deputy Commissioner) to ensure that the documents are properly stamped according to the Schedule.

 

            The income from the stamp duty in the Kapurthala District during the years 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given below: -

 

Year

Non Judicial Stamps

(Rs)

Miscellaneous Stamps

(Rs)

Total

(Rs)

1982-83

1,28,46,969

47,88,478

1,76,35,447

1987-88

1,95,14,266

93,59,605

2,88,73,871

1992-93

5,32,50,779

69,94,724

6,02,45,503

1993-94

5,27,77,810

28,99,072

5,56,76,882

1994-95

7,05,76,002

30,99,484

7,36,75,486

1995-96

9,48,38,670

40,06,406

9,88,45,486

1996-97

7,24,17,730

43,63,446

7,67,81,176

(Source: Deputy Commissioner, Kapurthala)

 

            Registration Fee – The Indian Registration Act, 1908, requires compulsory registration of all documents pertaining to immovable property and provides optional registration in case of other documents. As a rule fees are levied or the registrations of all documents but the State Government have, however, exempted completely or partially the levy of registration fee in certain cases.

 

            The number of registered documents, value of property transferred and total receipts from the registration fee in Kapurthala District during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given below: -

 

Year

No. of Registration Offices

No. of Registration of property

Aggregate Value of Property Transferred

Immovable

Movable

Immovable

Movable

Total Receipts

(‘000 Rs)

1982-83

6

12,012

1,388

1,89,861

384

1,347

1987-88

6

11,300

1,597

2,46,013

173

1,777

1992-93

6

11,553

3,453

5,24,973

6,192

3,821

1993-94

6

11,091

3,177

5,39,401

---

3,640

1994-95

6

11,485

2,961

7,23,107

---

4,268

1995-96

6

11,361

3,023

10,22,534

---

5,471

1996-97

6

12,346

3,106

11,95,653

---

6,499

(Statistical Abstract of Punjab, 1984, 1988 and 1992 to 1997)

 

General Sale Tax – It is levied under the Punjab General sales Tax Act, 1948 which repealed the Punjab General Sale Tax Act, 1941. Sale tax occupies an important position as a source of revenue in the flexible tax structure of the State. With the change of rate of tax can be adjusted to the needs of the State.

Central Sales Tax - The Central Sale Tax Act, 1956, Provides for the levy of Tax on sale affected in this course of –inter-state trade and commerce. The states have been authorized to administer this tax on behalf if the Government of India and the entire collection are appropriated by the States.

            Excise Tax – The State and Central Excise Acts enforced in the Punjab Excise Act, 1914; The Dangerous Drugs Act, 1930; The Punjab Molasses Control Act, 1948; The Indian Power Alcohol Act, 1948; The Medicinal and Toilet Preparations (Excise Duties) Act, 1955; and the Spirituous Preparation (Excise Duties) Act, 1955.

             Electricity Duty – The duty has been levied under the Punjab Electricity (Duty) Act, 1985. This duty is levied on the energy supplied by the Punjab State Electricity Board to a customer or a licensee which is collected by the Board along with the bills.

            Special Road Tax4 -– It was earlier known as Passengers and Goods Tax and was levied under Punjab Passengers and Goods Taxation Act5,1952. It is now levied under Section 3(F) of the Punjab Motor Vehicle Act, 1924 6. It is levied on all fares and freights in respect of passengers carried and goods transported in motor vehicles in Punjab. The rate of tax has been changed from time to time. The rate of special road tax changed with effect

 

4          Its nomenclature has been changed, -vide Punjab Government Notification No. 23-Leg/93, dated 28 May 1993

5                    Act repealed,-vide Punjab Government Notification No. 24-Leg/93 , dated 1 June 1993

6                    Vide Punjab Government Notification no. 2/6/91-IT(3) 7534, dated 28 May 1994

 

from 4 November, 1994 on different kind of Passengers and goods vehicles. Is given below: -

 

1 Passenger Vehicles

Rate of Special Road Tax Payable

 

(Rate per seat, per kilometer per day)

(in paisa)

(A)

State Carriages

 

 

(a)

Ordinary Buses

4.65

 

(b)

Express Buses

5.81

 

(c)

Semi-Deluxe Buses

5.97

 

(d)

Deluxe Buses

9.30

 

(e)

Air-Conditioned Buses

15.27

(B)

Other Passenger Vehicle

Rate of special Road Tax

 

 

(excluding drivers and conductors) per year

 

1

2

(1)

Auto Riskshaws

(Rs.)

 

(a)

Having two seats

300.00

 

(b)

For each additional seats

100.00

(2)

Taxi cab upto 5 Seats

500.00

(3)

Taxi cab having 6 to 12 seats

4,000.00

(4)

Mini buses having 1 to 15 seats

6,000.00

(5)

Mini buses having 16 to 30 Seats

9,000.00

(6)

Buses plied on private services permits:

 

 

(i)

Ordinary Buses

10,000.00

 

(ii)

Deluxe Buses

20,000.00

 

(iii)

Air-conditioned Buses

90,000.00

2 Goods Carriages

Rate per annum

(Rs.)       .

(1)

Goods carriages having unloaded weight:

 

 

(a)

Vehicles not exceeding one ton in weight unloaded

800.00

 

(b)

Vehicles exceeding one ton but not exceeding two ton in weight unloaded

1,000.00

 

(c)

Vehicles exceeding two ton but not exceeding three ton in weight unloaded

1,210.00

 

(d)

Vehicles exceeding one three but not exceeding four ton in weight unloaded

1,410.00

 

(e)

Vehicles exceeding four ton in weight unloaded

1,500.00

(2)

Goods Carriages having multi-axles.

1,200.00

            The work relating to the collection of Special Road Tax has been transferred to the Transport Department with effect from 1 June 1993. Earlier it was collected as Passengers and Goods Tax by the Excise and Taxation Department.

 

            Entertainment Tax – The Entertainment Tax is levied under the Punjab Entertainments Tax (Cinematograph graph shows) act, 1954. It is charged on the gross collection capacity of a cinematograph show held in a cinema house. Its rates vary according to the location and category of the cinema house specified in the Act (Vide Punjab Government Notification No. 20 of 1994 dated 27 September, 1994). The Rates of Entertainment Tax charged from the proprietor of a cinema house are given below: -

 

Areas where the cinema house is situated

Type of cinema house

Amount of tax invisible as a percentage of the gross collection capacity per show.

Amount of tax invisible as percentage of the gross collection per show in the case of old cinema house

Category 'A'

 

 

 

 

1.

Cinema House in Municipal Corporation

(i)

Air-conditioned;

Twenty percent;

Eighteen percent;

(ii)

Air-cooled;

Eighteen percent;

Sixteen percent;

(iii)

Ordinary

(Other than Air-conditioned and Air-cooled)

Fifteen percent;

Thirteen percent;

Category 'B'

 

 

 

 

2.

Cinema House in municipality of the First class or in a  Cantonment Board

(i)

Air-conditioned;

Eighteen percent;

Sixteen percent;

(ii)

Air-cooled;

Fifteen percent;

Thirteen percent;

(iii)

Ordinary

(Other than Air-conditioned and Air-cooled)

Twelve percent;

Ten percent;

Category 'C'

 

 

 

 

3.

Cinema House in Municipality of the Second Class.

(i)

Air-conditioned;

Fifteen percent;

Thirteen percent;

(ii)

Air-cooled;

Twelve percent;

Ten percent;

(iii)

Ordinary

(Other than Air-conditioned and Air-cooled)

Ten percent;

Eight percent;

Category 'D'

 

 

 

 

4.

Cinema House in Municipality of the Third Class or in any other area not falling in categories 'A','B' and 'C'.

(i)

Air-conditioned;

Fourteen percent;

Twelve percent;

(ii)

Air-cooled;

Eleven percent;

Nine percent;

(iii)

Ordinary

(Other than Air-conditioned and Air-cooled)

Nine percent;

Seven percent;

            Entertainment Duty - The Entertainment Duty is levied under Section 3 of the Punjab Entertainments Duty Act, 1955. This duty is levied on admission to any entertainment house to which persons were ordinary admitted on payment. The rate of entertainment duty was 125 percent of the admission charges except 40percent of the total number of seats in the cinema hall nearer the screen which were subject to duty at the rate of 100 percent. The entertainment duty is not livable in case the proprietor of the cinema house pays Entertainment tax under Punjab Entertainment Tax (Cinematograph Shows) Act, 1954. However, antenna or cable television proprietor has been subjected to entertainment duty at the rate of Rs 50 per connection per month But the rate has been revised with the effect from 1 April 1999.

            Copying Fee.- The fee is levied under the Punjab Copying Fees Act, 1936, for copies of orders etc. supplied to the public. The charges vary for supplying copies on ordinary and urgent basis.

The Collection from the above mentioned taxes in Kapurthala District, during 1982-83,1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are shown in the following statement:-

 

Collection from the other Sources of the State Revenue in Kapurthala District during the year 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97

Year

Punjab General Sales Tax

Central Sales Tax

Excise Tax

Electric-ity Duty

Passengers and Goods Tax/Special Road Tax

Entertai-nment Tax

Show Tax

Copying Tax

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1982-83

384.98

166.18

438.00

13.54

116.80

116.88

22.79

0.43

1987-88

623.45

315.23

985.66

22.32

150.87

13.32

1.06

0.52

1992-93

1,173.45

439.18

2,426.93

27.54

243.54

10.52

1.10

------

1993-94

1,311.09

527.83

2,711.63

33.40

------

8.27

------

1.54

1994-95

1,566.96

598.93

3,293.00

38.84

188.49

7.27

------

2.21

1995-96

1,239.00

520.00

3,906.00

38.44

181.60

0.90

------

2.15

1996-97

1,350.00

598.00

3,637.00

45.99

191.29

6.09

------

2.55

(Source: - Assistant Excise and Taxation Commissioner, Kapurthala; Senior Executive Engineer, O P (S) Division, P.S.E.B., Kapurthala; Deputy Commissioner, Kapurthala and District Transport Officer, Kapurthala.)

8          Vide Punjab Act No. 14 of 1978.

9          Vide Punjab Act No. 21 of 1994, dated 27 September 1994

10        Vide Punjab Government Notification No. G.S.R.3/P.A. 16/55/S. 20 Admn. 929)/95, dated 28 February 1995

11        Vide Punjab Government Notification No. S.O.8./P.A. 16/55/S.3/95 dated 28 February 1995.

*          Rs. 15,000/- per annum on the proprietor of cable on lumsum basis-vide Punjab Ordinance No. 5 of 1999 effective from 1 April 1999

 

(ii) Central Source of Revenue

            Central Excise Duty – The main sources of Central Excise Duty include cotton fabrics and yarns, rayon and synthetic yarns, woolen fabrics and yarns, sugar levy and sugar non levy, molasses, plywood and block board, tin containers, tread rubber, acid oil, oxygen, internal combustion engines, electric motors, electric batteries, electric fans, iron and steel cycle parts, motor spirit, diesel, non-essential oils, chewing tobacoo, etc.

            The duties are collected under the Central Excise and Salt Act, 1944.

            Income Tax – It is levied under Income Tax Act, 1951, which replaced the Indian Income Tax Act, 1922. The rates of income tax vary from year to year in accordance with the Finance Act, passed by the parliament every year.

            Wealth Tax – The Wealth Tax Act, 1957, come into force from the assessment year 1957-58. It is chargeable on the net wealth of an individual and Hindu Undivided family.

            Gift Tax – The tax is levied under the Gift Tax Act, 1958, on all gift made in the previous year above the exemption limits specified in the Act. The exemption limit varies from year to year as per the Finance Act.

            The Collection from the Central Source of Revenue in the Kapurthala District, during the years 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given below: -

(Rs. In Lakh)

Year

Central Excise Tax

Income Tax

Wealth Tax

Gift Tax

1982-83

785

..

------

------

1987-88

944

..

------

------

1992-93

1,451

..

------

------

1993-94

2,434

..

------

------

1994-95

3,475

95.98

------

------

1995-96

3,769

48.20

------

------

1996-97

4,607

..

------

------

(Source: - Central Excise Range, Kapurthala, Central Excise Range-II. Phagwara; and Income Tax Officer, Kapurthala)

Chapter XII

 

LAW ORDER AND JUSTICE

 

Police Station and the Police Posts

            There were 9 Police Stations and 5 police post in the Kapurthala District as on 31 March, 1997. The Tehsil/Subdivision wise position of these police Stations and police posts in the district is as under: -

 

Tehsil/Subdivision

Police Station

Police Post

Bholath

Bholath

-----

 

Dhilwan

-----

 

Subhanpur

-----

Phagwara

Sadr Phagwara

Panchhatan

Jagatpur Jattan

 

City Phagwara

-----

Sultanpur Lodhi

Sultanpur

Talwandi Chaudrian

 

 

Dadwindi

 

 

Kabirpur

Kapurthala

Sadr Kapurthala

-----

 

Kotwali Kapurthala

-----

 

City Kapurthala

-----

(Source: - Senior Superintendent of Police, Kapurthala.)

 

Organisation of the Police Force

            Senior Superintendent of Police, Kapurthala heads the police administration in the district. He is under the administrative control of Director General of Police, Punjab, Chandigarh. The Category-wise police strength including prosecution staff assisting the Senior Superintendent of Police in the district as on 31 March, 1997 is given below: -

 

Category

Permanent

Temporary

Prosecution Staff

Permanent

Temporary

Senior Superintendent of Police

1

-----

-----

-----

Superintendent of Police

1

-----

-----

-----

Deputy Superintendent of Police

4

3

-----

-----

Inspector

6

8

-----

-----

Sub-Inspector

20

21

-----

-----

Assistant Sub-Inspector

41

67

2

-----

Head Constables

136

123

7

-----

Constables

663

682

32

-----

(Source: - Senior Superintendent of Police, Kapurthala.)

 

Railway Police

            There were 5 railway outposts in the district as on 31 March, 1997. The category-wise strength of railway police in the district is given below: -

 

Name of the outpost

Sub-Inspector

Assistant Sub-Inspector

Head Constable

Constables

Constables

SPO

PHG

Kapurthala

-----

-----

1

2

2

4

Hussainpur

-----

-----

-----

1

-----

5

Sultanpur

-----

-----

-----

1

-----

5

Cheheru

-----

-----

-----

3

7

4

Phagwara

-----

1

-----

3

6

10

(Source: - Senior Superintendent of Police, Kapurthala.)

 

Incidence of Crime

            The important categories of crime in the district are murder, burglary, theft, robbery, and kidnapping. However, case under other categories has also been reported in the district. An idea regarding the trend of these crimes, in the district during 1982, 1987 and 1992 to 1996 may be had from the table given below: -

 

Category

1982

1987

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

Murder

14

39

36

14

14

20

30

Decoity

-----

1

3

-----

-----

-----

1

Burglary

26

52

38

34

33

32

55

Theft

64

97

52

32

29

58

83

Cattle Lifting

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Robbery

-----

20

2

1

-----

2

8

Kidnapping

8

3

9

5

14

16

18

Traffic in Women

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Riots

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Culpable Homicide

7

1

2

1

3

1

4

Counterfeit Coining

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Miscellaneous

181

152

95

87

99

158

203

Total cognizable/ Crime

302

305

237

174

192

287

402

(Source: - Senior Superintendent of Police, Kapurthala.)

 

            The table given below shows the incidence of crime of all kinds brought to trial in the Kapurthala District during the years 1982, 1987 and 1992 to 1996: -

Year

Reported Cases

True Cases

1982

2771

2183

1987

1758

1118

1992

678

370

1993

620

840

1994

585

471

1995

781

686

1996

927

643

(Source: - Senior Superintendent of Police, Kapurthala.)

 

Incidence of Motor Vehicle Accident

            The number of prosecutions launched in the district under the Motor Vehicle Act, 1988 during 1992 to 1996 are given hereunder: -

Year

Prosecution Launching

1992

22

1993

11

1994

43

1995

466

1996

1,117

(Source: - Senior Superintendent of Police, Kapurthala.)

Road Traffic

            To control the road traffic the prosecutions are launched in the district under various Acts, such as the Indian Penal Code; the Punjab Municipal Act, 1911 and the Municipal Bye-laws; the stage Carriage Act 1961;The police act 1888, the prevention of  currently to animals Act, 1890, the Punjab Motor Vehicles Taxation Act, 1939/1988. The Prosecutions launched under Punjab Motor Vehicles Taxation Act were 51 in 1993 which increased to 1,540 during 1997 and these were 559 under Indian Penal Code, in 1982 which increased to 1,059 in 1997.

 

            Offence under Local and Special Laws – The Crimes under this head comprises cases of public nuisance and those under the Indian Arms Acts, 1878/1959, the Punjab excise Act, 1914, the Opium Act, 1878. The Public Gambling Act, 1867, the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, the Indian Railways act, 1890, and the prevention of Corruption Act, 1947, the cases reported under these Acts are given below: -

 

Category

1982

1987

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

Police Act of 1888

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Arms Act 1878/1959

284

194

33

32

23

20

16

Excise Act 1914

1395

759

191

174

158

214

182

NDPE Act 1878

273

45

24

43

23

48

25

Public Gambling Act, 1867

20

17

22

19

21

25

23

Essential Commodities Act, 1955

7

3

1

4

2

3

3

Indian Railways Act, 1890

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947

2

4

4

14

15

5

3

(Source: - Senior Superintendent of Police, Kapurthala.)

 

Jails

            There are two jails in the district i.e. the District Jail and open Jail of Kapurthala, and sub-jail at Phagwara.

 

            The District Jail, Kapurthala – It is under the administrative control of a superintendent. As on 31 March, 1997, he was assisted by 1 Deputy Superintendent, 3 Assistant Superintendents, 11 Head Warders, 1 medical Officer, 1 Pharmacist, 1 Senior Assistant, 3 Junior Assistants, 1 Driver, besides other miscellaneous Class IV staff.

            The admission during the year, average daily population and maximum population on any one day and the number of convicted prisoners released on different grounds from the district Kapurthala during 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given in table 1 and 2.

 

Table 1

Total Admission during the year, Average Daily Population, Maximum Population

 on any one day in the District Jail, Kapurthala during the

years 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97

 

1987-88

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

Total admission during the year

1,333

648

643

1,007

1,162

1,198

Average daily population

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Convicts

Males

53.43

17.87

17.50

18.23

16.36

15.29

 

 

Females

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

 

Undertrials

Males

97.63

56.89

82.51

113.00

129.85

179.50

 

 

Females

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Maximum population on any one day during the year

228

108

141

176

221

269

(Source: - Superintendent, District Jail, Kapurthala.)

Table 2

Number of Convicted Prisoners Released on Different Grounds from District jail,

Kapurthala during the years 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97

 

1987-88

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

On appeal

83

29

27

8

15

16

On expiry of sentence

60

16

31

66

64

66

Under remission system

1

1

1

-----

-----

-----

By order of Government on medical ground

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

By order of Government on other grounds

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

(Source: - Superintendent, District Jail, Kapurthala.)

 

Sub-Jail, Phagwara – It is under the administrative control of a Superintendent. As on 31 March 1997, he was assisted by 1 Deputy Superintendent, 2 Head Warders, 14 Warders, beside other miscellaneous Class IV staff.

 

            The total admissions during the year, average daily population and maximum population on any one day and the number of convicted prisoners released on different grounds from the sub-Jail, Phagwara, during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given in the table 3 and 4.

 

Table 3

Total Admission during the year, Average Daily Population, Maximum Population

 on any one day in the Sub-Jail, Phagwara during the

years 1987and 1993 to 1996

 

1987

1993

1994

1995

1996

Total admission during the year

643

129

141

157

132

Average daily population

 

 

 

 

 

 

Convicts

Males

1.44

0.07

0.65

0.39

0.09

 

 

Females

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

 

Undertrials

Males

9.63

7.36

8.96

10.34

6.20

 

 

Females

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Maximum population on any one day during the year

31

17

24

23

13

(Source: - Superintendent, Sub-Jail, Phagwara.)

Table 4

The number of Convicted Prisoners Released on Different Grounds in the Sub-Jail,

Phagwara during the years 1987and 1993 to 1996

 

1987

1993

1994

1995

1996

On appeal

6

2

1

4

15

On expiry of sentence

6

-----

3

-----

5

Under remission system

8

-----

-----

-----

-----

By order of Government on medical ground

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

(Source: - Superintendent, Sub-Jail, Phagwara.)

 

Statistical of Civil and Criminal Courts Cases

            Civil Courts – Since the separation of the executive from the judiciary in the State on 2 October 1964, the administration of justice in the district, both on civil and criminal side, is headed by the District and Session Judge, Kapurthala. The chief judicial Magistrate and the Judicial Magistrates work under him primarily on the criminal side and the Senior Sub-Judge and Sub-Judges on the civil side. The number and nature of cases tried by the civil courts in the Kapurthala District, during the years 1982-83, 1987-88 to 1996-97 are given in the following table : -

 

Number and nature of the Cases tried by the Civil Courts in the Kapurthala District

during the year 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97.

Category

1982-83

1987-88

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

Civil Suits

1578

1645

1432

1800

1691

1885

2368

Executive Cases

305

303

317

335

359

362

279

Guardian Cases

20

20

23

17

24

51

25

Succession act Cases

101

81

82

73

54

145

96

Women Compensation Act

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Payment of Wages Act

10

13

17

20

11

9

7

Rent Registration Act

116

104

143

129

130

120

117

Hindu Marriage Act

87

103

140

167

199

169

223

Panchayat Revision

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

-----

Miscellaneous

244

320

345

349

419

482

527

(Source: - District and Sessions Judge, Kapurthala)

 

Criminal Courts – The criminal work is assigned to the various Magistrates, Police Station-wise. The number and nature of cases tried by the criminal courts in the District during the years 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given below: -

 

Year

Regular Cases

Summary Cases

1982-83

2025

500

1987-88

1669

429

1992-93

2464

549

1993-94

1758

505

1994-95

2034

746

1995-96

2036

1118

1996-97

2651

913

(Source: - District and Sessions Judge, Kapurthala)

 

            Gram Panchayats – Gram Panchayat have been vested with judicial powers under the Punjab Panchayati Raj Act, 1994. However, no case was reported to the Panchayats in the district during 1992-93.

Chapter XIV

 

local self Government

            The administration of village, town or a city by a body representing local inhabitants, having considerable autonomy, raising a part of its revenue through local taxation and spending the proceeds on services is called Local Self-Government.

 

            Local Self Government consists of Muncipal Corporation/Councils(Prior to Amendment in 1994 in the Punjab Municipal Act, 1911 by Municipal Act, No. 11, Municipal Councils were called Municipal Committees and Nagar Panchayats were known as Notified Area Committees)/Nagar Panchyat,( Prior to Amendment in 1994 in the Punjab Municipal Act, 1911 by Municipal Act, No. 11, Municipal Councils were called Municipal Committees and Nagar Panchayats* were known as Notified Area Committees) Zila Parishad, Panchyat Samitis and Panchayats.

 

            The affairs of these institutions are looked after by the representatives elected by the local population. Although functioning of these institutions is autonomous in many respects, yet they work within the guidelines provided by the State Government. The important components of urban local-government are described below: -

 

            Municipal Corporation/Councils/Nagar Panchayats in the District and their income and expenditure - There were three municipal councils in the district, viz. Kapurthala, Phagwara and Sultanpur Lodhi. The first two are class-I and latter is class-II. Bholath, Dhilwan and Begowal are three nagar Panchayats.

 

            The income and expenditure of municipal council’s and nagar panchayats in the Kapurthala District during the 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given in the following tables : -

 

Income of the Municipal Councils/Nagar Panchyats in the Kapurthala District during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97

(In Rs ‘000)

Name of the Muncipal Council/ Nagar Panchayat

1982-83

1987-88

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

Kapurthala

6,164

13,166

25,929

25,763

37,973

45,527

43,620

Phagwara

7,735

16,658

27,255

26,722

39,140

44,939

45,402

Sultanpur Lodhi

1,090

1,834

4,687

7,078

8,435

7,585

6,300

Begowal

-----

-----

-----

715

3,405

2,531

3,837

Bholath

-----

-----

-----

444

3,581

3,616

3,403

Dhilwan

-----

-----

-----

664

1,836

2,531

2,186

Total

14,989

31,658

57,868

61,386

94,640

1,06,729

1,04,748

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1993 to 1997)

 

*Prior to Amendment in 1994 in the Punjab Municipal Act, 1911 by Municipal Act, No. 11, Municipal  Councils were called Municipal Committees and Nagar Panchayats were known as notified Area Committees

Expenditure of Municipal Councils/Nagar Panchyats in the Kapurthala District during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97

(In Rs ‘000)

Name of the Muncipal Council/ Nagar Panchayat

1982-83

1987-88

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

Kapurthala

6,206

13,146

27,502

24,825

37,823

46,541

43,855

Phagwara

7,676

17,069

27,017

25,594

38,221

41,547

48,335

Sultanpur Lodhi

1,109

1,951

5,127

6,720

8,795

7,507

6,249

Begowal

-----

-----

-----

611

2,763

1,995

4,349

Bholath

-----

-----

-----

67

2,276

4,110

3,760

Dhilwan

-----

-----

-----

66

1,725

1,521

2,276

Total

14,991

32,166

59,646

57,883

91,603

1,03,221

1,08,824

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1993 to 1997)

 

            Zila Parishad, Kapurthala – Zila Parishad is the Apex body of three tier system of the administration o the Panchayati Raj in the district. It has been constituted ender section 161 o the Punjab Panchayati Raj Act, 1994. Its composition has been given in Section 162 of the Act. The main Financial Sources of the Zila Parishad are; Share of local rate and funds allotted to it for implementing departmental schemes. The income and expenditure of the Zila Parishad, Kapurthala, during 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 are given below:

(Rs in Lakh)

Year

Income

Expenditure

1987-88

17.59

18.15

1992-93

894.07

893.92

1993-94

426.69

343.99

1994-95

621.66

565.99

1995-96

296.58

289.64

1996-97

427.92

163.99

(Statistical Abstracts of Punjab, 1983, 1988 and 1993 to 1997)

 

            Panchayat Samitis – Panchayat Samiti acts as a bridge between the Zila Parishad and village Panchayat. Under the Punjab Panchayati Raj Act, 1994 Panchayat Samiti is constituted at the block level. The Kapurthala District is divided into 5 community development blocks. The term of Panchayat Samiti is five years. It is required under section 116 to convene a meeting once in two months. The number if the members of the Panchayat Samitis has been determined under section 99 of the Act.1

 

119(1) Every Panchayat Samiti shall consist of :

(a)      six to ten directly elected members from territorial constituencies in the Panchayat samiti area as may be determined under Section 100 of this Act and notified by the State Government so far as practicable having regard to the uniformly of population of each consistency;

(b)      Representation of the Sarpanches directly elected by them from amongst the Sarpanches of the Gram Panchayats in the Panchayat Samiti area; provided that ration of the representative of the Sarpanches and that of the directly elected members shall be sixty:forty .

(c)      Members of Legislative Assembly of the State of Punjab major portion of whose constituency falls in the Panchayat Samiti area;

(d)      Members of Legislative Council of the State of Punjab if any. Who are registered as electors with in the Panchayar Samities area;

  (2) The members of the Panchayat Samiti, whether or not chosen by direct election form territorial constituencies in the Panchayat Samiti shall have the right to vote in the meeting of the Panchayat Samiti.

 

                102  (1) Seats shall be reserved for -

                        (a) the Scheduled Castes; and

                          (b) the Backward classes;

                In every Panchayat Samiti and the number of seats so reserved for Scheduled-Castes shall bear, as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the total number of seats to be filled by direct election in that Panchayat Samiti as the population of the Scheduled Castes in that Panchayat Samiti area bears to the total population of the Panchayat Samiti area and such seats may be allotted by the rotation to different constituencies in a Panchayat samiti..

 

                       (2) Not less than one-third of the total number of the seats reserved under sub-section (1) shall be reserved for woman belonging to the Schedule Castes.

               

                       (3) Not less than one-third (including the number of seats reserved for woman belonging to the Schedule Castes) of the total number of seats to be filled by direct election in every Panchayat Samiti be reserved for women and such seats may be allotted by the rotation of different constituencies in the Panchayat Samiti area.

 

                       (4) One seat shall be reserved for Backward Classes in the Panchayat Samiti in which the population of Backward Classes is not less than twenty percent of the total population of the Panchayat Samiti area.

 

                The chairman and vice-chairman are elected from amongst the elected members and their term of office in five years. Section 119 of the Act castes duties of Panchayat Samiti to provide for and make arrangement for carrying out the requirement of the area in respect of agriculture land improvement  and soil conservation, minor irrigation, water management and  watershed development, poverty alleviation programme; khadi village and cottage  industries, rural housing, drinking water, social and farm foresty, minor forest produce, fuel and fodder roads, building, bridges, ferries, waterways and other means of communication; non-conventional energy sources; education including primary and secondary schools; technical training and vocational education; audit and non-formal education; cultural activities markets and fairs; health and family welfare; women and child development; social welfare including welfare if the handicapped and mentally retarded; welfare of the weaker sections and in particular of the Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes; maintenance of commodity of community assets; public distribution systems; rural electrification; co-operative, libraries; etc.

 

            Gram Panchayat - Under the Punjab Panchayat Raj Act, 1994, a Gram Panchayat (Prior to 1994 gram Panchayats were formed under Punjab Gram Panchayat Act, 1952) is elected for the gram sabha and not for each village. Every male or female who is entered as a voter on the electoral roll of the State Vidhan Sabha is member of the gram sabha. These members of the garam sabha elected the member of the Panchayat form amongst themselves.

 

            The number of  panches in any gram panchayat varies  from 5 to 13 according to the size of the population of the gram sabha. A number of seats for the officer of the panches and Sarpanches have been reserved under section 11 and 12 of the Act3.

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311           (1) The offices of Panches shall be reserved for the Scheduled Castes in such a way that the number of offices reserved for scheduled castes shall bear, as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the total number of offices ( to be filled by direct election) in that Gram Panchayat, as the population of the Scheduled Castes to the total population in that Gram sabha area.

 

                (2) Not less than one-third of the total number of offices reserved under sub-section (1) shall be reserved for women belonging to the Schedule Castes.

               

Panchayat and their Income - There were 490 Panchayats in Kapurthala District in 1996-97. The elections to these Panchayats were last held in 1993. During these elections 146 Panchayat were elected unanimously. The total elected members of the Panchayat were 3,082 out which 710 were Harijan and 967 sere lady members. The income of the Panchayat from various sources in the Kapurthala District during 1982-83, 1987-88 and 1992-93 to 1996-97 is given below: -

 

Year

House Tax

 

(Rs)

Grant-in-aid

 

(Rs)